LXX. CORYLA‘CEE: QUE’RCUS. 885 
consequence. By far the most important product which this tree 
yields, is its outer bark, which forms the cork of commerce. The 
bark is separated by first making a circular cut round the trunk, 
immediately under the main branches, and another at a few inches 
above the surface of the ground, The portion of bark intervening \ 
between the two cuts is then split down in three or four places; 1625. 9. saber. 
care. being taken, both in making the circular cuts, and also the 
longitudinal ones, not to penetrate the inner bark. This operation is commonly 
performed in July, or in the beginning of August, when the second sap flows 
plentifully. | The tree is now left for 8 or 10 years, when it is again disbarked 
as before. In British gardens Q. Stiber is propagated by imported acorns, or 
by inarching on Q. Ilex. 
¥ £ 34. Q. Pseu‘po-Su'BER Desf. The False-Cork Oak. 
Identification. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 348.3 N. Du Ham., 7. p. 174. 
Synonymes. Chéne faux Liége, Chéne de Gibraltar, fr. ; Unachte Kork-Eiche, Ger. Bosc states 
that he possesses a leaf of @. Ttirner?, which was brought to him from Kew by L’Héritier, and 
that it is identical with Q. Pseddo-Sidber ; but the leaves of Q. . 
Turner? are not in the slightest degree hoary or glaucous beneath, 
nor has it acorky bark. See No. 35. ~ 
Engravings. Sant.Viagg., t.4.; Spreng. Antiq. Bot, t.1.; N. Du 
am., 7. t. 48, f.2.; and our jig. 1625, 
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate ; 
sinuated, dentated, or serrated; hoary beneath. 
Bark fungous, cracked. Nut ovate. Calyx muri- 
cated, with lax, recurved, linear scales. (Desf) A 
sub-evergreen tree. Mountains of Tuscany, Spain, 
and Barbary, Mount Atlas, and near Tangier. 
Height 50 or 60 ft. Introduced in 1824. 
Variety. 
# Q. P. 2 Fontanésii. Q. Fontanész Guss., Arb. 
Brit. Ist edit. p. 1925. (Our fig. 1624.) 
— Either identical with this species, or a very 
slight variety of it. 1624 @ P. Fontanesii. 
The bark is corky, though less so than that of Q. Siber. Young branches 
ei “y downy or hoary; sometimes smooth, striated. Des- 
S ny YB fontaines describes the bark as fungous, as very thick, 
= and as being, without doubt, capable of replacing the 
cork of Europe. The leaves are oval-oblong, dentated 
or serrated ; smooth above, and pubescent beneath, 
remaining green a part of the winter; so that the tree 
may be considered as forming the connecting link be- 
tween the evergreen oaks and the deciduous ones. Q. 
Siber angustifolium and Q. Suber dentatum (p. 884.) 
may possibly be forms of this species. 
1625. Q. Pseudo Siber. 
® 35. Q. Tu’rnerz Willd. Turner’s Oak. 
Identification. Willd. Enum., 975. ; Baumz., p. 339. 
Synonymes. Q. h¥brida Hort. ; Chéne de Turner, Fr. ; Tur- 
nersche Eiche, Ger. 
Engravings. Willd. Baumz.., t. 3. f.2.; and our fig. 1626. from 
tliving specimen. 
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves oblong, mucronate, 
dentate ; glabrous on both sides; somewhat 
wedge-shaped at the base. Branchlets hairy. 
(Willd.) A sub-evergreen, or nearly ever- 
green tree, apparently a hybrid between Q. 
pedunculata and Q. I‘lex, having been found 
in a bed of seedlings of the former species, in 
1795 or before, in Turner’s Nursery, at Hol- 
loway Down, Essex. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. 1626. Q, Tarneri. 
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