914 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
valuable as underwood, and for its fruit. As underwood, it is grown in England 
for hop-poles, fence-wood, and hoops. The poles last as long as those of the 
ash, and longer; but they do not grow so fast, and they are apt to send out 
stout side shoots, which, if not checked, either by pruning or by the closeness 
of the plantation, cause the upper part of the pole to diminish in size too rapidly. 
The chestnut, like the beech, prefers a deep sandy loam. It will not thrive in 
stiff tenacious soil; and, ina rich loam, its timber, and even its poles and 
hoops, are brittle, and good for nothing. The species is propagated by the 
nut, which may be treated exactly in the same manner as the acorn ; and the 
varieties are perpetuated by grafting. 
¥ % 2.C. pu‘miLa Willd. The Dwarf Chestnut, or Chincapin. 
Identification. Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 461. ; Michx. Amer., 2.p.193. 
Synonymes. Fagus pumila Lin. Sp. Pl. 1416.; Castanea pimila virginiana, &c., Pluk, Alm. 90.; 
Chataigner Chincapin, Fr. ; zwerch Kastanie, or Castanje, Ger. 
Engravings. Wang. Amer., 57. t.19. f. 44.; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 105.; our jig. 1707. from 
ichaux ; and fig. 1708. from the tree in the Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves oblong, acute, mucronately serrated ; covered with 
white tomentum beneath. (Willd.) A deciduous shrub. North America, 
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Georgia, and Lower 
Louisiana. Height 8 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1699. Flowers yellow ; 
May. Fruit half the size of the common chestnut. 
1707. ¢. pumila. 1708. C. pumila. 
In dry arid soils C. pumila is a shrub not exceeding 6 or 7 feet in height, 
but in rich soil it is a low tree. The leaves are 3 or 4 inches long, sharply 
toothed, and similar in form to those of the C. v. americana; from which 
they are distinguished by their inferior size, and the whiteness of their 
under surface. The fructification, also, resembles that of C. v. americana 
in form and arrangement; but the flowers and fruit are only about half as 
large, and the nut is convex on both sides. 
Species of Castanea not yet introduced into European Gardens. 
Several species of chestnuts have been discovered in Nepal and Java; 
some of which were, at first, supposed to belong to the genus Quércus, but 
have since been separated from that genus, and referred to Castanea, by 
Dr. Lindley ; and others have been described and figured by Blume, in his 
splendid work on the plants of Java. Dr. Lindley has given a synoptical list 
of the Indian Castanez in Dr. Wallich’s P/. As. Rar., in which he enumerates 
eight different species, all of which we shall shortly notice. 
C. indica Rox. Hort. Beng., p.68., Lindl. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar., Royle 
Illust., p. 34]., is a native of the mountains of Nepal and Silhet. 
