LXX. CORYLA‘CEH: Ca’RPINUS. 917 
either for their timber or ornamental effect ; but one species valuable as a 
garden hedge plant. Common soil, and seeds or layers. 
¥1. C. Br’tutus LZ. The Birch, or common, Hornbeam. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1416.; Eng. Bot., t. 2032. 
Synonymes. Carpinus Matth. Valgr. 1. p. 131.; O’strya Bawh. Pin. 427.; O’rnus Trag. Hist. 
1109.; Fagus Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 2. 146. f.; Bétulus Lob. Ic. 2. 190. f.; Carne, Charme, Fr.; 
gemeine Haynbuche, Ger. , Carpino bianco, Jtal.; Hornbeam, Yoke Elm, and in some place 
ych hazel. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2032.3; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 58.; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st 
edit., vol. viii.; and our fig. 1713. 
Spec. Char., §c. Bracteas of the fruit flat, oblong, serrated, with two lateral 
lobes. (Smith.) A deciduous tree. Britain, and various parts of Eu- 
rope, in magnitude and general character resembling the common beech. 
Height 30 ft. to 70 ft. Flowers yellowish; May. Nuts brown; ripe in 
October or November. 
Varieties. 
+ C. B. 2 inctsa Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. B. quercifolia Desf. ;C. B. hetero- 
ph¥lla Hort. — Leaves deeply cut. 
¥ C. B. 3 variegata Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves variegated. 
The hornbeam, being extremely patient of the knife, forms excellenthhedges. 
The wood is very tough and horny, and the bark smooth and whitish, or light 
1713. C. Bétulus. 
grey spotted with white ; and on old trees it is generally covered with a 
brownish moss. The wood is white, hard, heavy, tenacious, and very close- 
grained ; but it will not take a good polish. It weighs, when green, 64 Ib. ; 
half-dry, 57 lb. ; and quite dry, 51 Ib. It is very seldom used in construction ; 
partly because it is seldom found of proper dimensions, and partly because, 
when the tree attains a large size, the wood is apt to become shaky, like that 
of the chestnut. As fuel, it surpasses the beech in the proportion of 1655 
to 1540, For a nurse plant, and for hedges, it is particularly well adapted. 
It will succeed in any soil not too warm oe dry. It is naturally found on cold, 
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