918 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
hard, clayey soils, in exposed situations ; but it attains its largest dimensions 
on plains, in loams, or clays that are not too rich. On chalk it will not thrive, in 
which respect it is directly the reverse of the beech. The seeds of the horn- 
beam ripen in October ; and they are produced freely in England, but seldom 
in Scotland ; the bunches, or cones, as they are called, which contain them, 
should be gathered by hand, when the nuts are ready to drop out ; or they 
may be left on the tree till they drop ; when, though a part of the seed will 
have fallen out, there will, in all probability, be enough left for future use, 
the tree being at present but very sparingly propagated in Europe. The nuts 
separate readily from their envelopes; and, if they are sown immediately, 
many of them will come up the following spring, and all of them the second 
spring. If they are preserved in dry sand, or in their husks, and sown the 
following spring, they will come up a year afterwards; the usual covering 
is 2in. The plants may remain in the seed-bed for two years; after which 
they may be planted into nursery lines, and undergo the usual routine treat- 
ment. 
+ 2.C.(B.) americana Miche, The American Hornbeam, 
Identification, Michx. Amer., 2. p. 201.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., p. 623. 
Synonyme. C. virginiana Miche. Arb. t. 8. 
Engravipgs. Dend. Brit., t. 157.; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 108. ; and our fig. 1714. 
Spec. Char., §c. Bracteas of the fruit 3-partite ; middle division oblique, 
ovate-lanceolate, 1-toothed on one side. (Willd.) A low deciduous tree. 
Nova Scotia to Florida. Height 12 to 15 feet, but sometimes from 25 ft. 
to 30 ft. Introduced in 18]2. Flowers and fruit like those of the 
common hornbeam, and produced and ripened about the same time. 
The American hornbeam is smaller than that of Europe, but in other 
respects closely resembles it. Propagated by layers, and sometimes by 
imported seeds. 
1714. C, (B.) americana. 1715. €. (B.) orientalis. 
¥ & 3. C. (B.) orntenTA‘LIs Lam. The Oriental Hornbeam. 
Identification. Lam, Encyc., 1. p. 700. ; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 468; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 199. 
Synonyme. C. duinénsis Scop. Carn. t. 60. 
Engravings. Scop. Carn., t. 60.; Dend. Brit., t. 98. ; and our jig. 1715. 
Spec. Char., §c. Bracteas of the fruit ovate, unequal at the base, undivided, 
somewhat angular, unequally serrated. ( Willd.) A low deciduous tree or 
shrub. Asia Minor and the Levant. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced 
in 1739. Flowers and fruit closely resembling those of the common horn- 
beam, and produced and ripened about the same time. 
