942 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
gardeners of the day in pots and boxes, and trained for a number of years, till 
the figure required was complete. Sometimes, as we find by Gibson, Bradley 
and others, clipped plants of this sort sold as high as five guineas each; and, 
in all probability, this high price first led Evelyn to the idea of clipping the 
more hardy yéw in situations where it was finally to remain. The narrowness 
of the leaves of the yew renders it far less disfigured by clipping than even 
the box ; and, as it is much hardier than the juniper, should clipped trees 
come again into fashion, there can be no doubt that the yew would be pre- 
ferred to all others. As an avenue tree, the yew may be considered suitable 
for approaches to cemeteries, mausoleums, or tombs; and, as a single tree, for 
scattering in churchyards and burial-grounds. The most extraordinary col- 
lection of yew trees in England, or perhaps in the world, is at Elvaston 
Castle, near Derby. (See Gard. Mag. for 1841.) The yew will grow on 
any soil that is somewhat moist ; but it thrives best in loams and clays, 
on rock, and in a shady situation. It is propagated for the most part 
by seeds; but the varieties, and also the species, when the object is to 
form a hedge of plants of the same dimensions and colour of leaf, as 
already mentioned, should be propagated by cuttings or layers from one 
plant only. The berries are ripe in October, and should be then ga- 
thered, carried to the rot-heap, and treated in the same manner as haws. 
(See p. 382.) If, however, they are sown immediately, enveloped in their 
pulp, a few of them may come up the following year, and the remainder the 
second year ; but, if the pulp is allowed to dry round the nut, and they are 
kept in that state till spring, none of them will come up till the third year. 
Cuttings may be formed of either one or two years’ growth, and planted in a 
shady border, either in the beginning of April or the end of August. The 
cuttings will be most certain of success if slipped off with a heel, and if the 
soil consists chiefly of sand. The leaves should be carefully stripped off the 
lower part of the cutting, which may be from 7in. to 10 in. in length, and 
buried to the depth of 5in. in the soil. Cuttings treated in this manner re- 
quire two years before they are sufficiently rooted to be removed. In all pro- 
bability, however, if the points of the shoots were taken and planted in sand 
under a hand-glass, about midsummer, or before, they would produce roots 
the same season, and might be transplanted the following spring. Whether 
plants are raised from seeds or cuttings, they ought to undergo the usual rou- 
tine of culture in the nursery, till they are 3 or 4 feet high: because, as they 
are of slow growth, time is gained by this practice ; and the yew transplants 
so readily at any age, that there is no more danger of plants failing wher 
transplanted at the height of 6 or 8 feet, than there is when they are only 6 or 
8 inches high. At Elvaston Castle, already mentioned, above a hundred yew 
trees between 20 ft. and 40 ft. in height have been transplanted ; some of them 
brought from a distance of upwards of thirty miles. 
am 2.7. (B.) cANADE’NSIs Willd. The Canada, or North American, Yew. 
Identification. Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 856. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 647. 
Synonyme. T.b. minor Mich. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 245. 
Eugiauine: Our figs. 2105, 2106, in p. 1110. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves linear, 2-ranked, crowded, revolute. Male flowers 
globose, always solitary. (Willd.) Michaux describes this species as of 
humbler growth than the European yew, of spreading habit, and with 
smaller flowers and fruit ; and Pursh says that, under the shade of other 
trees, it does not rise above 2 or 3 feet high. Canada and Maryland; grow: 
ing only in shady rocky places, and flowering in March and April. It was 
introduced in 1800; and is apparently only a variety of the common 
yew. Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
# 3, T, Harrincto'nza Knight. The Earl of Harrington’s Yew. 
Tdentification. Forhes in Pin. Wob., pl. 68.; Gard. Mag., vol. xv., p. 273. 
Sunonymes. ? Taxus macroph§lla Thunb, ; ? Podochrpus macrophyllus Srt., Lamb. ded. p 843. 
rb, Brit. lat ed. p. 2100. 
