950 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICE1UM BRITANNICUM. 
ornament, or in masses for useful purposes in plantations. In the former 
case, to remove any of the branches would destroy the object in view ; and 
in the latter, if the plantation is of suitable thickness, the lower branches begin 
to die off of themselves, after the trees have acquired a certain age and growth, 
and all that is necessary is to assist nature, by cutting off the branches close 
to the trunk, the moment they begin to show indications of decay. 
Genus I. 
Falelalalal 
PINUS L. Tue Pine. Lin. Syst. Monce’cia Monadélphia. 
Identification. Lin. Gen., 499 ; Fl. Br., 1031.; Lamb. Pin., 2d ed., 1. t. 1. . 
Synonymes. Le pin, Fr.; Fichte, Pynbaum, or Kiefer, Gev.; Pynboom, Dusck; Pino, Ital. and 
Span.; Pinu, Anglo-Saron ; Pinnua, Welsh ; Peigne, Erse. 
Derivation. The word Pinus comes from the Greek pinos, used by Theophrastus to designate the 
pine tree. Pnos has for its root pion, which signifies fat ; because the trees of this genus furnish 
pitch and tar. Others derive the word Pinus from p7m, or pyn, a mountain or rock, Celtic; in 
allusion to the habitat of the tree; the British towns Pen-ryn, Pen-rith, and Pen-maen ; and the 
Spanish ones, Penna-flor, Penna-fiel, &c., being so called from being built on hills, or rocks. 
Gen. Char. §c. Male flowers in grouped catkins. Pollen contained in 
2 cells, formed in the scale, that open lengthwise. Female flowers with 2 
ovules. Strobile in most species ovately conical. Carpels or outer scales 
thickened at the tip, exceeding the bracteas or their outer scales in length, 
and concealing them ; persistent. 
Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sheathed, evergreen; linear, rigid, 
in groups of 2, 3, or 5; each group arising out of a scaly sheath, Flowers, 
males whitish yellow, powdery. Fruit a cone. 
Evergreen trees, generally of large size, natives of Europe, Asia, and 
America, and in an eminent degree both useful and ornamental. They flower, 
in Britain, in May and June, and generally ripen their cones in the autumn 
of the following year. The species may be arranged either according to their 
cones or their leaves; and we have adopted the latter feature as the founda- 
tion of our sections, because it is applicable to trees in every stage of their 
growth; and because many of the species in London gardens have not yet 
borne cones. 
The following is our arrangement of the species in British gardens :— 
§i. Bine.—Leaves 2 in a sheath. 
A. Natives of Europe. 
1. sylvéstris. 5. (L.) Pallasidna. 8. Pinea. 
2. Pumilio. 6. (L.) pyrenaica. 9. halepénsis. 
3. Laricio. 7. Pinaster. 10. britia. 
4, (L.) austriaca. 
B. Natives of North America. 
11. Banksiana. 14. resindsa. 16. contérta. 
12, inops. 15. mitis. 17. turbinata. 
13. pangens. 
§ ii. Terndte.— Leaves 3 in a sheath. 
A. Natives of North America, 
18. Tee‘da. 23. Sabinidna, 27. californiana. 
19. rigida. 24, Coalteri. 28. muricata. 
20. Fraseri. 25. australis. 29. tuberculata, 
21. serétina. 26. insignis. 30. radiata. 
22. ponderdsa, 
B. Natives of Mexico. 
31. Teocote. 32. patula. 33. Llaveana, 
