952 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
23 in. long; somewhat waved and twisted ; slightly concave on the upper, 
and convex on the under, surface; light bluish green, finely serrulated 
on the edges; the sheath lacerated and slightly ringed. Cones ( jig. 
1760. a) from 2 in. to 3in. long, and from 1] in. to 12in. broad. Scales 
(fig. 1760. d) from lin. to I4in. long, terminating in an irregular four- 
sided projecting point, often recurved. Seeds, with the wing (c), from 
lin, to 1} in. long; without the wing, from 2, in. to =, in. long; dark- 
coloured. Cotyledons 5 to 7. A tall, straight, hardy, long-lived tree, from 
60 ft. to 100 ft. high ; Europe generally, but not of America ; flowering in 
May and June, and ripening its cones about 18 months afterwards ; the 
most valuable, for its timber, of all the European species of Pinus. 
Varieties. Like all trees which have an extensive geographical range, and 
grow on almost every kind of soil, and at great elevations as well as in 
plains, the varieties and variations of the Scotch pine are exceedingly nu- 
merous; both as respects the exterior appearance of the tree, and the 
quality of its timber and resinous products. On poor soils, at great ele- 
vations, it becomes a diminutive shrub: and in low situations, where it 
is a lofty timber tree, the wood on some light sandy soils is white, almost 
without resin, and of little duration ; while on other soils, of a colder and 
more substantial nature, it is red, heavy, and of great durability. It appears, 
also, that the same situation will produce both white- wooded and red-wooded 
trees; and seeds from red-wooded trees will, it is said, in some instances, 
produce others the wood of which is red. 
a. Timber Trees. 
2 P.s. 1 vulgaris. The common wild Pine. ( fg. 
176]., to our usual scale.) —Thus described 
by Don of Forfar. Branches forming a 
pytamidal head; leaves marginated, of a 
dark green colour, and but little glaucous 
underneath; cones considerably elongated, 
and tapering to a point, and the bark of the 
trunk very rugged. ‘“ This variety seems 
to be but short-lived, becoming soon stunted 
in its appearance, and itis altogether a very 
inferior tree to either variety 2, or variety 3.” 
(Cal. Mem., i. p. 123.) 
2 P. s. 2 horizontalis. P. horizontalis Don of 
Forfar; P. sylvéstris var. montana Sang, 
Plant. Cal. p. 65.3; the Speyside Pine, 
Hort, Soc.; the Highland Pine, Grigor in 
Gard. Mag. viii. p. 10.; the horizontal- 
branched wild Pine, Laws. ; the red-wooded Scotch Pine, Sang ; 
? P. rdbra Mill. Dict. and N. Du Ham, — This variety is described 
by Don of Forfar as being “ strongly marked and permanent.” It 
“is distinguished from the former by the disposition of its branches, 
which are remarkable for their horizontal direction, and for a ten- 
dency to bend downwards close by the trunk. The leaves are 
broader than those of the first variety, and serrulated, and not mar- 
ginated. They are distinguishable at a distance by their much lighter 
and beautiful glaucous colour. The bark of the trunk is not so 
rugged as in the preceding variety. Its cones are thicker, not so 
much pointed, and smoother. The tree seems to be a more hardy 
plant, being easily reconciled to very various soils and situations, It 
grows very freely, and quickly arrives at a considerable size.” 
£ P.s. 3 uncindta (see fig. 1672.). The hook-coned wild Pine; Mar 
Forest wild Pine, in the Horticultural Society’s Garden. — Another 
of Don of Forfar’s varieties, which is described by him, in the 
