LXXVII. CONI'FERE: ABIES. 1027 
Jig. 1922.) are much more pointed than those of the 
common spruce, and longer. 
A. ¢. 3 carpdtica, A. carpatica Hort. — This variety 
has vigorous shoots, and foliage as dense and long 
as that of the preceding, but lighter. 
A ie. 4 péndula, A, comminis péndula Booth. — Dis- 
tinguished from the species by the drooping habit of 
its branches; and also by the darker glossy green 
colour, and greater length, of its leaves. 
A. e. 5 foliis variegatis. — Leaves blotched with yellow, 
and a more compact dwarf-growing tree than the 
species. 
A. e. 6 Clanbrasiliana. — A low, compact, round bush, j9.2. 4,6. igi: 
seldom seen higher than 3 or 4 feet, and never, that 
we have heard of, producing either male or female blossoms. The 
annual shoots are from 1 in. to 4 in. in length; the leaves from Lin. 
to 4 in, long, and their colour is lighter than in the species. 
A. e. 7 Clanbrasiliana stricta. — More erect than the preceding variety. 
A. «. 8 pygme’a. 1. nana in the Horticultural Society’s Garden ; 1. 
élegaus Smith of Ayr.— Dwarfer than A. e Cianbrasilidna. 
m A. e. 9 tenuifolia. A. tenuifdlia Smith of Ayr.—Very slender leaves 
and shoots. 
2 A. ce. 10 gigantéc. A. gigantéa Smith of Ayr. — Leaves rather larger 
and stronger than those of the species. 
# A. e. 11 monstrosa. A. monstrosa Hort.— Shoots and leaves thicker 
‘than those of the species, with few or no laterai branches. 
® A. c. 12 mucronata Hort. — Leaves disposed on the branches like 
those of Araucaria imbricata. The only plant that we know of is in 
the nursery of the Grand Trianon. (See Gard. ilfag. for 1841.) 
Other Varieties may be found in the nurseries and in books; for the tree is 
very liable to sport, both in its branches and in the seed bed. Bosc mentions 
a variety which had been sent to hin from the Vosges, with the leaves flatter 
and more pointed than the common spruce, and with different cones. Hayes 
speaks of a seminal variety of the spruce, which has been denominated the 
long-coned Cornish fir, the cones being frequently nearly 1 ft. long; and of 
which, in the year 1790, there was a fine tree in the park of Avondale, in the 
county of Wicklow. (Pract. Treat., p. 165.) Pinus viminalis Alstrem., the 
Héngetanne (weeping fir) of Sweden, with long slender pendulous leafless 
twigs, is frequently found there in fir woods (see Lint’, Abhand., p. 182.), 
but has not yet been introduced. There is a very beautiful variety at 
Harewood Hall, in Yorkshire (see Ard. Brit., 1st edit., p. 2599.', which we 
believe has not been propagated. Linnzus has five varieties in his Mora 
Suecica. According to Gertner the species is exhibited in two forms, called 
the white and the red Norway spruce; one with pale, and the other with 
deep-coloured, cones ; but the timber of both is white. 
The wood of the spruce fir is light, elastic, and varying in durability according 
to the soil on which it has-grown. Its colour is either areddish or a yellowish 
white, and it is much less resinous than the wood of P. sylvéstris. According to 
Hartig, it weighs 64 lb. 11 oz. per cubic foot when, green, 49 lb. 5 oz. when half-, 
dry ; and 35 Ib, 20z. when quite dry; and it shrinks in bulk one seventieth part in 
drying. The ashes furnish potash ; and the trunk produces an Immense quan- 
tity of resin, from which Burgundy pitch is made. The resin is obtained by 
incisions made in the bark, when it oozes out between that and the soft wood ; 
and the mode of procuring and manufacturing it will be found detailed in our 
Ist edition. The principal use to which the wood is applied is, for scaffold- 
ing-poles, ladders, spars, oars, and masts to small vessels ; for which purposes, 
the greater proportion of the importations of spruce fir timber from Norway 
are in the form of entire trunks, often with the bark on, from 30 ft. to 60 [t. 
3u 2 
+o 
~~. 
Le 
