1036 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
poses of the tanner. In England, the hemlock spruce forms one of the most 
ornamental of the fir family ; being among needle-leaved evergreen trees what 
the weeping willow is among the willows. As it bears the knife, and is ex- 
tremely hardy, it might be employed as hedges ; for which purpose it is used 
in the American nurseries, along with the Thija occidentalis. Seeds are 
annually imported, and even produced by old trees in this country. 
E. Native of Nepal. 
2 11. 4. pumo‘sa, The bushy Alpine Spruce Fir. 
Synonymes. Pinus dumdsa Lamb). Pin. ed. 2., ; 
1. t.46.; A*bies Brunozéna Lindl. in Penn. 
Cyc. vol. i. No. 9.; P. decidua Wall. MS.; P. 
\ Brunonédna Wall. Plant As. rar. 3. p. 24. 
\ Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2.,1. t.46.; Wall. 
Plant As. rar., 3. t. 247.; and our figs. 1936. 
and 1937. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves solitary, linear, 
obtuse, mostly on one side of the 
branches; glaucous beneath, denticu- 
lated, Cones ovate, terminal, soli- 
tary; bracteoles wedge-shaped, pli- 
cate, emarginate, glabrous. (Lamd.) 
Leaves £in. long. Cones, scales, 
and seeds scarcely different from 
those of A. canadénsis. A dense 
and very bushy tree, with the ap- 
é pearance of A. canadénsis. Nepal. 
1936. A. dumdsa. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introd. 1838, 1937. A, dumosa. 
Other Species of A’bies—A. Mertensiana Bong. and A. sitchénsis Bong. are 
mentioned by M. Bongard in his observations on the Island of Sitcha, on the 
west coast of North America, in N. lat. 57°, asindigenous there. The article 
is quoted in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 2d ser., tom. i. p. 237. ; 
but no description is given. A. trigdna, A. heterophylla, A. aromatica, A. 
microphylla, A. obliquata, and A. falcata are mentioned by Rafinesque as being 
found in the Oregon country ; but, as he gives no description of these trees, 
it is uncertain whether they belong to Abies or Picea. The same observations 
will apply to A. irtélla Humboldt et Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant. pl. 2. 
p- 5., of which nothing is known either of the flowers or cones; to A. 
Kempferii and A. Thunbérgii, mentioned by Thunberg ; and to A. Mérni, A. 
Torano, and A. Arardgi, enumerated by Sieboldt in Verhand. Batav, Genootsch., 
xii. p. 12., as quoted in Pen. Cyc. 
Genus III. 
alle! 
PYCEA D. Don. Tue Sitver Fir. Linn. Syst. Monce'cia Monadélphia. 
Identification. D.Don MS. 
Synonymes. Pinus Lin. in part; Pinus sect. Pedce D. Don in Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. vol. 2.3 A*bies 
Link, Nees von Esenbeck, and Ledebour ; A‘bies Dw Roi, in part; Sapin, Fv.; Tannen, Ger. 
Derivation. From piz, pitch ; the tree producing abundance of resin. Loiseleur Deslongchamps 
observes that the silver fir was called by the ancients Abies, and the spruce Picea; and that 
Linneus has created much confusion by reversing the application of the names. He proposes, 
therefore, to call the silver fir A‘bies véra, and the spruce fir A’bies Picea. (N. Du Ham., v. 214. 
note.) Link has divided the spruces and silver firs into two genera, and given the classical names 
of Picea to the firet genus, and d‘bies to the second (see Abhand. Akad. der Wissenschaften, jahr 
1827, p. 157.) ; and in this he has been followed by Nees von Esenbeck and Ledebour. We have 
followed Lambert and D. Don, as already stated under A'bies, p. 1025. 
Gen. Char, The same as in Pinus and A’bies, but differing in having the cones 
erect. Strobile cylindrical, with its carpels not thickened at the tip. Both 
carpels and bracteas separate from the axis of the strobile. The leaves are 
obviously 2-ranked in direction. 
