LXXVIL. CONI’FERE!: CUPRE’SSINE. 1067 
Tribe II. Curre’ssinz. 
$a AE ls lala LL 
Tue Cupréssine differ from the Abiétine in being, for the greater part, 
shrubs or low trees, instead of lofty trees. They are all evergreen, with the 
exception of one species of Taxddium (T. dfstichum, the deciduous cypress) ; 
and none of them have the branches disposed in whorls, as is the case with 
all the pines and firs without exception. The greater part of the species are 
natives of warm climates, and comparatively few of them are perfectly hardy 
in British gardens. One only, the common juniper, is a native of Britain ; 
but between 30 and 40 foreign species and varieties endure the open air in 
England ; and 8 or 10 of these (exclusive of Taxddium), which have been 
not less than 30 or 40 years in the country, and which have had time to 
display their shapes, form very handsome or remarkable evergreen low trees 
or tall shrubs ; such as the red cedar, the white cedar, the eastern and western 
arbor vite, the Pheenician and tall juniper, the cedar of Goa, the common and 
spreading cypress, &c. The greater number of the species, or alleged species, 
have, however, been but a short time in Britain ; and are only to be seen as 
very young plants in the nurseries, or in very choice collections. These lately 
introduced kinds are so imperfectly known among cultivators, that little de- 
pendence is to be placed on the names which are applied to them ; and there- 
fore all that we can recommend is, that they should be as extensively introduced 
into collections as possible, in order that they may grow up to some size, and 
be examined in various situations by different botanists. It may be observed 
of all the species of Cupréssinz, that it is not easy to describe by words, and 
scarcely practicable to illustrate by figures without the fruit, many of the 
different species of this family ; nevertheless, to a practised eye, it is easy to 
distinguish the three leading genera, viz. Thuja, Cupréssus, and Juniperus, by 
a portion of the branch, without either flowers or fruit. The flattened, two- 
edged, scaly, imbricated shoots of all the thujas, including Callitris (which 
may, if the reader chooses, be considered a sub-genus), are two-edged, whether 
the specimen be young or old; those of Cupréssus are scaly and imbricated, 
but angular or roundish, and never two-edged ; and those of Junfperus, in 
the young state of the plants, have distinct acerose leaves, generally glaucous 
above, and often in threes joined at the base. All the kinds may be propa- 
gated by layers and cuttings; and the more common species ripen seeds in 
Britain in abundance. The seeds, which generally lie a year in the ground, 
may be sown in spring ; and the young plants may be treated in all respects 
like those of the pine and fir tribe. When the seeds are sown in autumn, im- 
mediately after being gathered, they sometimes come up the following year. 
Cuttings should be made in autumn, of the wood of the same year, with a 
small portion of the preceding year’s wood attached; and they should be 
planted in sand, or in a very sandy loam, in a shady border, and covered with 
hand-glasses. Cuttings put in in September will form callosities at their lower 
extremities the same autumn, and should be protected by mats during severe 
frosts in winter: the following autumn they will be ready to transplant. 
Layers may be made either in autumn or spring. The genera have been thus 
arranged : — 
Tuvu'sa. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules2. Leaves 
scale-like, imbricate. 
Ca‘tiirris. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 2 to 5 vases. Ovules 3 or 
more. Leaves scale-like, opposite or whorled. 
Cupre’ssus. Catkins solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 8 or more. Leaves 
imbricate. . 
Taxo'pium. Catkins disposed in compound spikes, female ones 2 or 3 to- 
