RELIGIOUS HOUSES 



already afoot in West Yorkshire, and the move- 

 ment soon spread into the northern part of 

 Lancashire. In the course of October the 

 commons of Cartmel restored the canons to the 

 priory. The prior, however, more prudent or 

 less staunch than his brethren, stole away and 

 joined the king's forces at Preston.'" This was 

 before he heard of the general pardon and promise 

 of a northern Parliament granted to the rebels at 

 Doncaster on 27 October. Apparently the 

 canons now withdrew, or some of them had not 

 yet re-entered, for on 1 2 December John Dakyn, 

 rector of Crosby Ravensworth, Westmorland, 

 and vicar-general of the archdeacon of Rich- 

 mond, wrote to the prior from York informing 

 him that all religious persons by the king's 

 consent were to return to their suppressed houses 

 until further direction should be taken by Parlia- 

 ment. He trusted their monasteries should 

 stand for ever.'' If this permission had been 

 given by the king's representatives it was cer- 

 tainly not with his consent. Nevertheless all 

 the canons went back to Cartmel, save 'the 

 foolish prior,' as Dakyn afterwards called him. 

 This did not take place, it would seem, until 

 February, 1537, when the commons of the north 

 — especially Westmorland and the West Riding 

 of Yorkshire — were again in arms.'* On the 

 suppression of the revolt several canons of Cart- 

 mel and ten laymen of that district were executed. 

 Some of the ringleaders among the canons, James 

 Estrigge, John Ridley, and the late sub-prior, 

 were still at large in the middle of March, in 

 Kendal it was thought." Prior Preston's com- 

 pliance obtained him the farm of Cartmel rectory, 

 his profit on which was estimated at ;^I3 6s. 8d. 

 ' in good years of dear corn,' and less than ;^ I O 

 in bad years.^"" 



The priory was dedicated to St. Mary, our 

 Lady of Cartmel.-"'^ William Marshal's original 

 endowment of Cartmel and the Irish property 

 enumerated above had received no very consider- 

 able additions. Henry de Redman in the reign 

 of Richard I gave a moiety of the vill of Silver- 

 dale and fishing rights in Haweswater.'"^ Some 

 property at Hest and Bolton-le-Sands was held 

 by the house at the Dissolution.^"^ The canons' 



"" L. and P. Hen. VIII, xi, 947 (z). 



" Ibid, xi, 1279 ; xii (l), 787. 



'^ Ibid, xii (i), 914. Estrigge appears as Eskerige 

 in the Survey of 1536 (ante) and vizs then himself 

 sub-prior. ^ Ibid. 632. 



"'° Duchy of Lane. Mins. Accts. bdle. 158, Nos. 8 

 and 10. 



"' It possessed a relic of the true cross, the offerings 

 to which amounted to ^l yearly ; L. and P. Hen. 

 Fill, X, 364 ; Duchy of Lane. Rentals and Surv. 

 ptfo. 5, No. I. 



'™ Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 8. Pope Gregory's 

 bull of 1233 speaks of a cell of Silverdale ; Baines, 

 op. cit. v, 628. Perhaps a canon or two may at that 

 time have been kept there. 



"" Valor Eccl. v, 272. 



demesne in Cartmel was extended by various 

 gifts, the most important of which was the grant 

 in 1245 of six oxgangs of land in Newton and 

 land in Allithwaite by Peter de Coupland.^"* A 

 pension of 2 marks (afterwards doubled) from 

 Whittington rectory was acquired before 1233.-"'° 



Their total annual income from these tem- 

 poralities (excluding the Irish lands, of which no 

 valuation is extant) was estimated in i535 ^t 

 j^88 i6f. 3^. derived almost entirely from Cart- 

 mel. The tithes of Cartmel (;^23 ioj.) and the 

 Whittington pension brought their gross revenue 

 up to nearly ;^ii5. After deducting various 

 fixed charges there remained a clear annual 

 income of ^^91 6j. 3«/.^'"' This was increased by 

 the commissioners of 1536 to ;^2I2 I2J. \o\dy^'' 

 How this great difference was accounted for does 

 not appear in detail, but the rectory of Cartmel 

 was now estimated to be worth close upon ;^57 

 a year.^°* The bells and lead of the priory 

 church and buildings were valued at j^i 5 I Oj. i^dP^ 

 and its movable goods at £185 1 45. 5^^."" 

 Debts due to the house amounted to ^73 9^. 

 and it owed ;^59 I2r. %d. 



The site of the priory was granted in 1540 

 with much other monastic property in Lancashire 

 and Cheshire to Thomas Holcroft."^ The 

 lordship of Cartmel reverted to the duchy of 

 Lancaster, to which the manor still belongs. 

 Philip and Mary impropriated the rectory to 



™ Duchy of Lane. Anct. D., L. 559-60. 



'"* Baines, Hist, of Lanes, (ed. Croston), v, 629. 

 Cross Crake Chapel in the parish of Heversham, West- 

 morland, is said to have been given to the priory by Sir 

 William de Strickland of Sizergh c. 1272 (Stockdale, 

 Ann. of Cartmel, 13), but does not appear in the 

 Valor. The estates officers comprised bailiffs of Cart- 

 mel and Silverdale, an auditor and a receiver, whose 

 salaries are recorded in the Valor (v, 272). Cartmel 

 was one of the monasteries for which the Earl of 

 Derby acted as chief steward ; he took an annual fee 

 of ;^2. There was also a steward of the court of the 

 priory. 



"^ Valor Eccl. v, 272. In 1292 the temporalities 

 were assessed at ^^21 11/. id. ; reduced in the 'New 

 Taxation ' to ^3 6j. 8a'. ; Pope Nich. Tax. 308. 



"" Duchy of Lane. Rentals and Surv. ptfo. 5, 

 No. 7. 



"'Its taxable value in 1292 was ^^46 13/. ^d. ; 

 reduced in the 'New Taxation' to ^^8 (Pope Nich. 

 Tax. 308) ; in 1527 it had been found to be really 

 worth ;^40 ; Rentals and Surv. ptfo. 5, No. 15. 

 Probably the valuation of 1535 for the tenth was a 

 compromise between its previous low rating and its 

 actual value. 



'"' The parishioners claimed the lead on the part of 

 the church used for parish purposes. 



"° Plate, etc. ^^27 3/. \^d., ornaments of the church 

 (not claimed by parishioners), £t) 6s. %d., glass and 

 iron bars in windows, /'12 19/., cattle, ^£73 (>s. %d., 

 household stuff and implements, j^i8 13/. id., and 

 corn, £54 c,s. Sd. 



"' Dugdale, Mon. vi, 454. He almost immediately 

 exchanged it for lands in the south (Stockdale, Ann. 

 of Cartmel, 31). 



147 



