A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



by the royal justices of assize."' Even these he was sometimes allowed to 

 take ; the whole profits of the last iter of Henry Ill's reign were granted to 

 him by royal writ."" Edward I bestowed upon him the privilege of having 

 pleas of the forest held in his lands, the justices being appointed by the crown 

 on his request, but the fines and amercements going to the earl."' He also 

 authorized his brother to exercise the royal right of purveyance within his 

 territories, and on recovering by an inquiry quo warranto the right to wreck 

 of the sea at Lytham and Cartmel from the priors of Durham and Cartmel, 

 and that of holding the sheriffs tourn in Furness from the abbot of that house, 

 he made them over to Edmund.^'" 



Edmund had so many interests and employments elsewhere that he 

 rarely set foot in the county from which he took his title. His first recorded 

 visit occurred during one of the Welsh campaigns, with which Lancashire, 

 owing to its proximity to the scene of the war, was brought into specially 

 close connexion.'*' In July, 1276, the king ordered the sheriff to make pro- 

 clamation that no markets should be held in the county while he was in those 

 parts going to Wales ; wares and victuals were to be brought to the king and 

 his army.'" Four months later the earl of Warwick was appointed captain 

 in Cheshire and Lancashire ' against Llewellyn son of Gruffydd and his 

 accomplices.' '" 



Edward's Scottish wars likewise imposed exceptional burdens upon 

 Lancashire in common with the other northern counties. In November, 

 I 297, it was required to furnish 3,000 footmen to serve against the invading 

 Scots at the king's wages under Robert de Clifford, captain of the March 

 against Scotland."" A levy of 1,000 foot was made in the county in the 

 following June.'" Six months later the sphere of Clifford's captaincy was 

 extended to include inter alia Lancashire.'^' All persons having lands and 

 liberties in these districts were to assemble at Carlisle in eight days. Clifford 

 was succeeded in this post on 25 September, 1300, by John de St. John.'*" 

 In 1299 and again in this year another 2,000 men had been called up from 

 the county."" On 22 June, 1301, Richard de Hoghton the sheriff, and 

 Robert de Holland were ordered to take 600 foot to Carlisle by Wednesday 

 after the octave of St. John the Baptist.'" 



In addition to this personal service, for which pay was promised, the 

 county bore its full share of the heavy taxation entailed by Edward's wars, 



'" Pipe R. I 2 Edw. I, m. 26. This is the first roll since the grant in which Lancaster appears, and it is 

 concerned solely with such debts and with the belated accounts of sherifFs prior to 1267. The remission in 

 1277 ^Cal. Pat. 1272-81, p. 208) of all debts due on the castle, town, and county of Lancaster 'late of 

 Robert de Belehem ' is puzzling. Robert de Ferrers must be meant, but the corruption of his name is not 

 easy to explain. 



' Pipe R. 1 2 Edw. I. The amount was ^^863. 



Engl. Hist. Rev. x, 37 ; Cal. Pat. 1281-92, pp. 263-4. '" Engl. Hist. Rev. x 38 



He was at Liverpool on 21 July, 1283 (Coucher Book of Whalley, 507) and at Lancaster on 20 Sept 

 {Engl. Hist. Rev. x, 225). y v ■ 



■** Cal. Close, 1272-9, p. 426. >» Cal. Pat. 1272-81, p. 171 (16 Nov ) 



, 'Vo^' J^^^-iSoi.PP- 313, 315- The only northern counties providing more were Cumberland 

 (5,000), Cheshire, Yorkshire (4,000 each). In the Midlands the levy was lighter. Shropshire and Stafford- 

 shire had to furnish 3,000 between them. 



'«Mbid. 351. '« Ibid. 387. 



'^Ibid. 537. Ralph son of William occupied it in 1316; ibid. 1313-17, p. 389. From Coram 

 Rege R. 254, m. 56, we learn that Hornby was in the March of Scotland, the usage of which as to 

 jansom of prisoners obtained there. 



"" Cal. Pat. 1297-1301, pp. 512, 530 ; Bain, Cal. of Doc. Scot, ii, 177. 



'" Cal. Pat. 1 297-1 301, p. 598. 



196 



181 

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