FORESTRY 



similar pledge.^' In 1297, after the earl's death, four persons were appointed to assemble the 

 foresters and verderers of the forest in the county and to supervise the perambulation of the forest 

 as it was made in the time of Henry III.™ The attachments of the forest made from the i8th to 

 the 35th year of Edward I, 1290 to 1307, are recorded in a roll preserved in the Public Record 

 OiEce." They relate to offences against vert and venison. About Christmas time, 131 5, John 

 de Hornby the younger entered Quernmore forest and was found by the earl's forester in the 

 thickness of the wood half a mile from the highway ready to shoot at the deer where they were 

 wont to disport themselves. On his refusal to surrender, either shot at the other, but finally the 

 forester took Hornby and lodged him in Lancaster Castle, where he was detained until he satisfied Earl 

 Thomas for the trespass by a fine of looi." In 1320 Thomas of Lancaster gave the keepership of 

 the forests to Robert de Holand." A few months after the earl's attainder and death, the king's 

 huntsman, lardener, two berners, four veutrers, and a page with twenty greyhounds and forty 

 staghounds were sent to hunt in the late earl's forests, parks, and chases in Lancashire to take fat 

 venison, which was to be put into barrels and salted ready for the king's use.'^ Apart from the 

 requirements of the royal household this order seems to have been given in view of the recent 

 Scottish raid and the unsettled state of the northern shires. For some time after the earl's execution 

 there appears to have been much trespassing in the forests and chases and destruction of game, 

 timber, and fish. Several commissions to try offenders were issued during the year 1323," and 

 again in I 328, when the executors of the late earl complained that many hundreds of head of 

 horses, cattle, and sheep had been driven away by malefactors (mainly in fact by the Scots, under 

 Bruce) from the vaccaries and demesne lands in north-east Lancashire — Bleasdale, Wyresdale, and 

 Lonsdale.'* 



After the forfeiture of 1322 the men of the county petitioned the king in Parliament for 

 a confirmation of their liberties in the forest." 



In Earl Edmund's time there were two parks in Quernmore Forest where twelve mares and 

 their issue of three years could be sustained in addition to the deer, agistment was worth 30J., sale 

 of wood lOi., and fines for cattle that strayed into the forest 20J. In Wyresdale there were 

 twenty-one vaccaries, where 360 cows could be kept and 720 cattle agisted, yielding ^^iS for such 

 agistment.'* 



In 1 3 14 fifteen vaccaries had been put to farm at rents amounting to over ;^20, whilst nine 

 vaccaries held stock numbering seven bulls, 288 cows, and 311 young cattle.'^ After the incur- 

 sion of the Scots at Midsummer, 1322, when the earl's stock was driven away, the whole of the 

 vaccaries were put to farm for a term of seven years as follows : — In Wyresdale the vaccaries of 

 Swanshead 26s. 8d., Catshaw 20s., Grobroke (? Greavebrook) 15^., Hawthornthwaite 15^., 

 Hindshaw 20s., Marshaw 20j., Little Gilbertholmc i^s., Over Gilbertholme (Gilberton) i6s. 

 Dunnokshagh (Dunkinshaw) 6s. 8d., Mikel-legh 20J., Litel-ley 15^., Emodes (Emmetts) 15;., the 

 abbey (Abbeystead) 2IJ., Whiteriding 20J., Lentworth 15;., Calvelegh (Caw) 14J., Overtonhargh 

 (Ortner) 1 55., Greenbank 26s. 8d., Harapultre (Appletree) 30J., Routandbrok (Rowton Brook) 14^., 

 Ternebrok (Tarn Brook) 1 3^. ^.d. Sum j^ 1 8 i6s. ^d. 



In Bleasdale, the vaccaries of Blindhurst I2s., Haselheued 30J., Fairsnape l6i., the Brokes 

 8f., the pasture between Kaldir and Grizedale \os. Sum 765.*" 



In 1 3 14 strict account was kept of the oaks taken during the year from Quernmore Forest 

 where thirty-two were felled between Lune and the new park, one in the old park, and six in 

 Fulwood. Of these five were for repairing Lune Mill, four for the repair of the fish weir in Lune 

 belonging 'to Furness, nine for the repair of the palings of the old and new parks of Quernmore, and 

 thirteen were delivered to Robert de Holand, knt., for his new house in course of erection 

 in Lancaster. During the year nine harts, two hinds, seven bucks of grease, four does, and one 

 roe-deer were taken by the master forester, William de Hornby, for the use of the earl and for 

 delivery to his friends." 



In 1323 a report was made by William de Tatham, keeper of the forfeited lands of Thomas 

 of Lancaster, of the timber trees which might be felled and sold in the woods under his 

 charge without making destruction. In Hale, oaks to the value of iooj. standing in arable 



=' Duchy of Lane. Great Coucher, i, fol. 75. " Cal. Pat. 1292-1301, pp. 312, 323. 



" Duchy of Lane. Forest Proc. bdle, i . No. 1 2 



" Coram Rege R. 254, Rex, m. 36. 



" Cal. Pat. 1317-21, p. 431. « Cal. Close, 1310-23, p. 576. 



'' Cal.Pat. I32i-4,pp. 54, 160, 374. There is in the P.R.O. a roll of pleas of the forest of Amounderness, 

 and an inquest at Kirkham, 12-19 ^dw. II. Forest Proc. Exch. T. R. No. 49. 



" Cal. Pat. 1327-30, p. 283 ; 1330-4, pp. 284, 573 ; 1334-8, p. 452. It was alleged that 300 horses, 

 300 mares, 300 foals, 200 cows, and 1,000 sheep, worth £1,500, had been driven away. 



" Pari. R. 18 Edw. II, i, 421a. '8 ^^„„ j ,^^^ g^j,_ ^j^jjj. 



" Ibid, liv, z6, 30. «» Ibid. 81 jbid. 29. " ^ 



443 



