A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



one hundred cattle were agisted in Ightenhill Park during the summer of 134O at u- for a cow or 

 ox and 6d. for a ' twinter,' and in Fillyclose and Royle seventy cattle and a ftv/ mares.'*' Parcels 

 of ' waste ' in Pendle, which may be recognized as Park Hill in Barrowford and Heyhouses m 

 Sabden, had been granted in fee-farm ; brushwood and iron ore were sold for 17^ weeks, and had 

 realized 52J. 6d. Both in Pendle and Rossendale the foresters and keepers had been amerced for 

 inadequately keeping the queen's herbage. Deer drivers were employed in Trawden and Rossen- 

 dale and two in Pendle for thirty-one weeks, from Michaelmas to 3 May, to prevent the deer from 

 straying. Considerable sums were also expended in the repair of cowhouses and hedges. The 

 lactage of 321 young and forty-two aged cows realized ;^50 14J. More than eighty cows and 

 calves died of murrain ; sixteen cows were sent to Rising for the queen's larder, price bs. 3^/. each ; 

 and seventy-four sheep, price bs. each, values which point either to the scarcity of mutton or 

 the inferiority of the beef. 



In Rossendale there were vaccaries at Deadwenclough, Wolfenden, Love Clough, Goodshaw, 

 Constable Lee, Crawshaw, Bacup, Rawtenstall, Riley, Cowhouse, and Hoddlesden. In Pendle at 

 Over and Nether Rough Lee, Barley, Whitehalgh, Over and Nether Barrowford, Higham, Over and 

 Nether ' Goldyaue ' (Goldshaw), Hawbooth, and Redlaihalghes (Reedley Hallows), In Trawden at 

 Wyculre (Wycoller) two, at Winewall one, and at Berdeshagh two vaccaries. Cowhope, in the 

 chase of Tottington, was agisted, as were the pastures of Ugden, Musden, Alden, and Affetside, 

 and Musbury Park. In Bowland, at the Brennand, Swindlehurst, Trough, and Glasterdale (one), 

 ' Heghokes,' Burholme, Browsholme, Randolfbooth, Graystonlegh, Whittledale, Harden, Colswain- 

 chepyn, Lekhurst, Stapeloke, and Batherarghes (Batterax). From the four wards of Slaidburn, 

 Harrop, Bashall, and Chipping came issues for agistment in summer and winter, brushwood and 

 turves ; 23i. for a forge at work in Bashall ward for twenty-three weeks ; £j for agistment in 

 Radholme Park ; £2 for a plat of waste called Laithgrim ; and other sums for farms of plats of waste 

 called Crombewalholme, Swainesholme, the Leghes, Heslum Brook, and a dozen others. Lactage 

 of 102 young and thirty aged cows yielded ^i"] lis.; many heifers and calves had died of the 

 murrain. The queen had one bull, twenty-nine oxen, and nine cows sent to Rising for the 

 larder."8 



In 1344 a commission was issued for an inquiry touching persons who hunted and took the 

 queen's deer, hares, rabbits, pheasants, and partridges in her chases and warrens in Blackburnshire, 

 Tottington, Rochdale, Penwortham, and Bowland, and felled her trees and committed various 

 offences against her and her tenants."' The same year Richard de Merclesden was committed to 

 gaol for having wrongfully exacted from the abbot of VVhalley puture out of the abbot's manor of 

 Brendwood in Spotland for himself and four foresters, his horse and a groom for every Thursday 

 and Friday night for twenty months or more."" At this time the queen dowager was constantly 

 suffering from the depredations of deer-stealers and trespassers in her free chases. In 1347 these 

 misdeeds culminated in the burglary and robbery of her treasury at Whalley, when it was alleged 

 that ;r2,ooo of her money and ;^3,ooo in goods, with many charters, writings, and papal bulls, 

 were carried off, and her houses in the chase of Bowland burnt down.'" In response to the queen's 

 complaints justices were assigned to hear and determine trespasses committed in her chases and parks 

 against vert and venison, whilst her foresters were authorized to attach and imprison at Clitheroe all 

 persons found trespassing and indicted by inquest of such offences.'" The abbot of Whalley was 

 also a sufferer at this time in this respect.'" The year following the king assigned certain 

 revenues out of the chancery to the queen in recompense for Blackburnshire and Bowland, which 

 he delivered to Earl Henry as part of his inheritance.'" 



In the time of Richard II the letting of the vaccaries for terms of years became a general 

 practice, and the Duke of Lancaster ceased to keep stock or stud farms in his hands, but let the lands 

 within the chases which were not reserved for the support of the deer. In 1379 thirty-six heads of 

 families dwelling in the chase of Pendle, and described as boothmen {panares) of the Duke of 

 Lancaster, contributed to the poll tax levied that year, in Rossendale chase 22, in Trawden chase 6 

 and in part of Bowland chase 6.'" In 1400 the mines of coal and stone in the chases of Blackburn^ 

 shire were worth 14J. 4^/., three woodmotes in each chase 30X. 3^., whilst the 'more driveres' 

 received ^^4 ts. 2d. ; rent of lands brought in ^5 ^. j^., farms of herbage ^146 i8x. 2d. farm of 

 Ightenhill Park ^16 19/. 2d., and farm of Musbury Park ^8 6s. 8d. No stock had been sold during 



"' Rentals and Surv. ^. "' Mins. Accts. bdle. 1 091, No 6 



Z ^^K ^"'^ '^t^"'' P;^''' ' ''^■^^'^- '^+5-8, PP- 378, 384-5, 394-S- '" Ibid. 20^ 



Ibid. 1345-8, pp. 381-95- Robert son of Robert le Forester of Lonsdale and his five brothers were 

 indicted in 1 348 of having with greyhounds hunted a stag from Tatham Fell, a common chase until the 

 greyhounds and sUg entered the free chase of Bowland, where the stag was taken, the dogs being 'afterwards 

 taken by the foresters of Queen Isabella. They were outlawed, but surrendering to the Marshalsea Prison 

 were afterwards pardoned ; ibid. 1348-50, p. 1 13. ' 



-Ibid. 378. '"Ibid. 229. -Ibid. 2,7. ■" Lane. Lay Sub. JWy> 



458 



