118 



ELEMENTS OF HIPPOLOGY. 



if spavined, go noticeably lame. This is a characteristic of 

 the disease. 



If the existence of spavin is suspected, another test is to 

 pick up the foot and bend the hock well, holding the foot up for 

 a minute or so. If the horse travels sound immediately after, 

 he may be assumed to be sound. 



Between most of the joints of animals are placed closed 

 membranous sacs, called synovial bursae, filled with a clear, 

 yellowish fluid, called synovial fluid, or joint oil. These sacs 

 are to diminish 

 friction i n the 

 joints. Enlarge- 

 ments of these 

 bursae are called 

 synovial e n - 

 lar ge me n ts , 

 and are given 

 different names 

 in different parts 

 of the horse's 

 anatomy. About 

 the pasterns, 

 and at the knees, 

 they are called 

 wind- galls; in 

 front of the 

 hock, bog spav- 

 in; in rear of, 

 and above it, 

 thorough- pin. 

 None of these 



enlargements t^ oo r^ tt t 



° Figure 80. — Capped Hock and Lymphangitis. 



are, unless very 



large or inflamed, causes of lameness. They indicate weakness 



or defects of confor^^^n^ ^^ Mj^.^soft® 



