144 



ELEMENTS OF HIPPOLOGY. 



is danger of pulling out a wedge-shaped portion of the crust. 

 In such a case the nail's must be pulled separately. 



The seat of the newly-set shoe is on the wall at the level of 

 the sole, bearing slightly on the sole. This surface must be pre- 

 pared most carefully for the shoe by levelling it off so that it is a 

 perfect plane and at 

 right angles to the 

 axis of the foot. In 

 lowering the wall the 

 following rule should 

 be strictly adhered to : 



The wall to be low- 

 ered to the level of 

 the sole with the 

 pincers, never with 

 a knife. 



A line can be follow- 

 ed better and easier 

 with cutting pincers 

 than with a knife. 

 More than that, the 

 proper use of the pin- 

 cers insures that the 

 wall will be brought 

 down evenly to the 

 sole all around. 



In the mechanical part of the shoeing it is of the highest de- 

 gree important that the shoe be put on so that the foot will rest 

 squarely on the ground, and also that the normal height at heel 

 and toe be maintained. The blacksmith, after he has levelled 

 the foot to the sole all around, should put the foot on the floor 

 and verify its bearing before going further. He should also 

 carefully observe any unusual thing in the conformation of 

 the foot. ' 



Figure 94. — Clenche.s Raised. 



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