32 CLXXiii. GBAMiNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) IPanicum. 



Field ^ G-ard. Crops 3, t. 24, Fodd. (?m».. N. lad. 8 ; Franch. ^ Sav. En. PI Jap. 

 ii. 161. P.Cras-galli, Wall. Cat. n. 8687, C. G. P. Crus-galli, ear. frumentMeum 

 Trim. Cat. Ceyl. PI. 104. P. grossum, Salisb. Prodr. 18. P. segetale, Hcrh. Eoxb. 

 Oplismenus framentaceus, Kunth Revis. Gram. i. 45, Enum. PI. i. 146 ; Balz. ^ 

 Gihs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 98. Ecliinochloa frumentacea, Link Mnum. Sort. Berol. i. 

 204; Aitchis. Cat. Panjab PI. 161; Mi^. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 465.— Cultivated in the 

 hotter parts of Asia and ifrica.— Roxburgh (Fl. Ind. I. c.) says of P. hisptdulum, 

 which is undoubtedly referable to P. Gras-galli, " it comes very near my P.frumen- 

 taceum, and may probably be the same in its wild state." 



6. P. colonum, Linn. Syst. Ed. x. 870 ; stem ratber slender decum- 

 bent or shortly creeping below, leayes narrow scaberulous, raceme contracted, 

 spikes Buberect 1-1^ in. usually distant, rachis pilose, sp'kelets -,15-^ in. 

 acute or subcuspidate glabrous or hispidulous, gl. 1 = ^ 111 or shorter acute 

 3-5-nerved, II and III subeqnal acute, III paleate, lY ovoid or oblongobtuse 

 or acute and palea coriaceous white. Jacq. Eclog. Oram. t. 32 ; Ehret. 

 Ic. Set. t. 3, f. 3 ; Beauv. Agroat. t. x. f. 6 ; Trim. Sp. Gram. Ic. t. 160 

 Sieud. Syn. Gram. 46; Wall. Cat. n. 8685; Trim. Cat. Ceyl. PI. 104 

 Buthie Grass. N. W. Ind. 3, Indig. Fodd. Grass, t. 4, Fodd. Grass. N. Ind. 

 4 ; Benth. Fl. Hovgk. 411, Fl. Austral, vii. 478 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, v. 435 ; 

 Franch. ^ Sav. En. PI. Jap. ii. 160 ; Griseh. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 545. P, 

 arabioum,^ees ex Steud. Nom.Ed. II, ii. 251, Syn. Gram.. 63. P. brizoides, 

 Idnn. Mant. i. 184. P. caesium, Neex in Hook. Sr Arn. Bat. Beech. Yoy 

 235 ; Steud. I. c. 47. P. confertum, Herb. Eottl. ex Wall. Gat. n. 8687 B 

 P. Crus-galli, Wall. Oat. n. 8687 I ; var. colonum, Cass. Expl. Alger. 28 ; -var, 

 minor, Thvi. Enum. PI. Zeyl. 359. P. cuspidatum, Bomh. Fl. Ind.i. 298; 

 Duthie Grass. N.W. Ind. 3; Steud. I.e. ; Fig. Sr de Not. in. Mem. Acad, 

 Tor. (1854) 340, t. xiii. f. 1-16. P. Daltoni, Parlat. ex Webb in Hooh 

 Niger Fl. 185; Steud. I.e. P. flaccidnm. Wall. Cai. n. 8692 H {in part). 

 P. grossarinm, Oriff. Notul iii. 86, Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 139, f. 113. P, 

 hsematodes, Presl Fl. Sic. i. 43 ; Steud. I. c. P. numidianum. Presl 

 Oyp. 8f Gram,. Sic. 19. P. Petiveri, Kotsch. ex Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. 

 Ind. 545. P. pictum, Kmn. in Naturf. xxiii. (1788) 204; Wight Cat. 

 n. 1648; Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. 120? P. Pseudo-colonum, Roth 

 Nov. Sp. 147; Steud. I. c. 46. P. semiverticillatum, Herb. Rottl. {mm 

 Pottl. in Ainsl. Mat. Med.). P. tetrastichum, Forsk. Fl. ^g. 

 Arab. 19. P. zonale, Presl Prodr. Fl. Sic. i. 82. Oplismenus colonus, 

 H. B 8f K. Nov. Gen. Sf Sp. i. 108 ; Eunth Evum. PI. i. 142 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 

 Bomb. Fl. 291; Aitchis. Oat. Punjab PL 161. O.P cuspidatus, Kunth 

 Revis. Gram. i. 45, Enum. i. 147. O. Pseudo-colonus, Kunth 1. 1, c. 44, 142. 

 Digitaria ? cuspidata, Schult. Mant. ii. 265. — Panioum, Wall. Cat. n. 8694, 

 8726.— Sloane Hist. Jam. i. t. 64, f. 3. 



Throughout India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalaya to 6000 ft. — Disteib. 

 all warm countries. 



In its typical form P. colomim differs from Crua-galU by the characters given 

 above, but there is a gradual transition of one into the other ; and the cultivated 

 var. frumentaceum has been assigned to both, having the unawned spikelets of the 

 former, and the broad leaves robust habit and long crowded spikes with crowded 

 spikelets of the latter. I find it very difScult in many cases to decide whether to 

 refer certain specimens to the one or to the other, and am not at all confident that 

 the synonymy of the two is in all cases right. Both Cosson and Thwaites regard 

 colonum as a form of Orua-galli. 



1. P. notabile, Hooh. f. ; spikes much longer than the intemode.', 

 rachis scabrid, spikelets ^ in. 2-3-seriate silkily hairy, gl. II subaristately 



