14 CLXXiii. GRAMiNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Paspalnm. 



anistralis, WilU- fte Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 8er. vi. iii. (1835), II. 201. 

 D. ciliaris, Pers. Svn. i. 85 : Ledeb. Fl. Boss. iv. 468 ; T. Nees Oen. Fl. Germ. 

 M'inoc.n.U; Bei'chb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 27 ; Mig. FL Ind. Bat. ui-4aD; 

 Ledeb. Fl. Boss. iv. 4fj8. D. oommutata, Srhult. Mant. ii. 262. D. didac- 

 tyla, WillA. I.e. 91. D. distaohya, Bojer Sort. Maurit. 363; Lamk. 

 lllustr. t. 43, f. 2. D. eriantha, Steud. in Flora, xii. (1829), 468. D. 

 eriognna lAnk Enum. Sort. Berol. i. 227, in Flora, I. c. D. horizontalis, 

 Willd. I. c. 92. D. linearis, Pers. I. c. D. marginata, Link. I. c. 102. D. 

 D-rvosa, Boem. Sf Sch. Syst. ii. 473. D. nodosa, Webb 3f Berth. Phyt. 

 Canav. iii. III. 384, t. 246. D. pruriena, Biise in PI. Jungh. 379 ; Miq. I. c. 

 436. D. radiooaa, Miq. I.e. 437. D. repens, WiUd. ex Kunth I. c. 81. D. 

 Eottleri, Boem. & Sch. I. c. 471. D. sanguinea, Seop. Fl. Garniol. 

 72; Weber in Willd., Prim. Fl. Holsat. 6. D. sangninalis. Scop. I. c. 

 ed. 2, i. 52; Beichb. I. c. t. 87 ; Parlat. Fl. Ital. i. 125 {with full citations). 

 D sanguinoleuta, Edgew. ex Aitch. Oat. Panjab. PI. 161. D. setigera, 

 Roth ex Roein. & Sch. I. c. 474. Daotylon sanguinale, Vill. Delph. ii. 69. 

 Phalaris velutina, Forsk. Fl. ^g. Arab. 17. Svntherisma vulgare, Schrad. 

 Fl. Germ. i. 161. 8. ciliare, Schrad. I. c. t. 3, f. 7. ? Axonopns oorymbosus, 

 Schult. Mant. ii. 77. 



ThroTigbout India, in dry and moist situations, ascending the Himalaya to 

 6.00 ft. (cult, in the Kbasia Hills). — Distkib. all warm countries. 



Annual or perennial. Stem 2 in. to 3 ft., erect or ascending from a creeping, 

 brandling base. Leaves very variable, 1-12 by |— J in. j sheaths rarely hairy, except 

 at or near the mcutb. Spikes 1-3 in., rarely more, usually strict ; rachis 

 trigonous or flattened, stout or slender, or winged, wings green, rarely more than 

 twice the breadth of the midrib, margins smooth or ciliolate. Spikelets geminate, 

 loosely or closely imbricatp, rarely scattered ; gls. often silkily hairy along the margins 

 and nerves. The hairs in the upper gpikelet ofvar. ciZmre sometimes abnormally 

 developed into a long beard or brush of curved cilia ; there is every gradation between 

 the most densely bearded and almost glabrous spikelets (see also P. heteran- 

 thum) ; gl. I (at the back of the flg. gl.) variously developed from an obscure tuft of 

 hairs to nearly as long but not quite so broad as III, 3-5-nerved, usually silky ; 

 II 5-nerved, lateral nerves marginal, rarely all close together, and with the 

 inierspaces thickened, when the gl. appears many-nerved ; III. lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, smooth. — The above definition embraces a wide range of forms, which I 

 believe are all referable to P. sanguinale. The species is one of the very commonest 

 plants in India, and in all warm countries. A form (var. commutatum) is cul- 

 tivated in the Kbasia Hills, of which fact I find no notice in any work on 

 Indian food grains. The following attempt to classify the Indian forms is founded 

 on a close study of an enormous collection of specimens from all parts of India, 

 amongst which those of Mr. C. B. Clarke are especially noteworthy. As to ths 

 result, I iim satisfied that no two botanists working independently over the same 

 materials would arrive at the same, or agree in any other; and that the results of 

 working over a large collection from any other country would again be different. I 

 have made no attempt to deal with the American forms, at which I have only 

 glanced ; they suggest no modification of my arrangement of the Indian. 



Var. 1. cruciatum ; spikes several 2-3 in. usually horizontal, rachis slender 

 trigonous narrowly or rather broadly winged, spikelets ovate- oblong acute or cus- 

 pidately acuminate rather loosely imbricate quite or nearly glabrous purple or 

 green, gl. II half as long as III ovate-oblong obtuse 3-nerved, III ovoid or 

 obovoid rather turgid cuspidately acuminate. Panicum cruciatum, Nees ex Steud. 

 Syn. Gram. 39. P. sanguinale, Wall. Cat. u. 8681. K.P. — Panicum, Wall. 

 Cat. n.8728. Digitaria cruciata, Nees ex Hert. Strach. v. Winterh. No. 3. — Himalayan 

 region, alt. 5-8500 ft., from Iskardo and Kashmir to Sikkim and the Munnipore 



