90 CLXxiii. GRAMiNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cenchru. 



angular, smooth ; involucels loosely imbricate, spines sometimes booked at tbe tip, 

 inner ^— i in. long, as long as tbe sessile spikelets. 



2. C. cathartlcusj Belile Gat. Sort. Monsp. 1838, in lAnnsea xiii. 

 (1839) Litterb. 103 ; base of involucels turbinate or trnacate, inner spines 

 squarrosely spreading subulate dorsally deeply grooved, margins ciliate or 

 Bcabernlous, outer spreading or reflexed. 8teud. 8yn. Oram. 130 ; fDuthie 

 Orass. N.W. Ind. 9, Indig. Fodd. Grass, t. xi., Fodd. Ghrass. N. Ind. 15; 

 Boiss. Fl. Orient, v. 448. 0. annularis, Ande/rss. in Peters. Seise Mosswnib. 

 Bot. 553. C. echinatus, A. Bich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 389 ; Wall. Cat. n. 

 8654, A.D. Aitchis. Cat. PanjeA. PI. 163; ? Duthie Grass. N.W. Ind. 9 

 {non Linn.). C. Lapeta, Berb. Bam. ex Wall. I. c. D. C. nilotions, J'V^'. 

 ^- Notar. in Mem. Accad. Torin. (1854), 380. Elymus Caput Medusae, 

 ForsJc. Fl. .Mg. Arab. 25 {non Linn.). 



The Panjab and Uppee Gaugetic Plain, Samilton, Boyle, &c. — Disteie. 

 Arabia, Afrie. trop. 



Quite glabrous. Stem ffenicuiately ascending:, branched from the base, leafy. 

 Leaves 1-3 in., lanceolate, finely acuminate, scaberuloas ; sheath inflated. Spikes 

 1-6 in., usually more or less enclosed in tbe uppermost leaf-sheath ; racbis fiezuous, 

 smooth ; involucels J-^ in. across the spreading spines. Spikelets J in., 1-2-fld. ; 

 gl. I membranous ; II and III hyaline, ovate, acuminate, 5-nerved ; IV ovate- 

 lanceolate, cuspidately acuminate. — Resembles PennisetuTn cenchroides, but at once 

 recognized by the rigid involucel spines. Duthie's figures under the names of 

 eatharticus and montanm are not recognizable. The widely distributed 0. 

 echinatus, Linn., is very closely allied, but should be recognized by the broader 

 spines of the involucel, I doubt its being distinct. 



16. STSNOTAPHXtUm, Trin. 



Coarse grasses. Stem flattened. Leaves distichous. Spilcelets apicate, 

 partially sunk in one face of a broad flat herbaceous raohis, usually bise- 

 riate, ovate, acuminate, 1-fld., dorsally flattened, sometimes on short flat 

 appressed branches of the rachis; rachis simple or jointed, tip acute. 

 Glumes 4; I short, broad, rarely ; II convex, empty ; III as long as II, 

 flat, paleate, empty or fcriandrous ; IV equalling III, coriaceous, bisexual; 

 palea large, ovate, acute, coriaceous. Anthers linear. Styles free. Grain 

 broad, flattened, free within the hardened glume and pale. — Species 2 or 3 

 tropical. 



1. S. grlabrum, Trin. Fund. Agrost. 176, Gram. Panic. 60 ; gl. I 

 very short truncate membranous nerveless. Nees Agrost. Bras. 92 ; Doell 

 in Mofrt. Fl. Bras. ii. II. 301, t. 39. S. americanum, Schrank PI. Bar. 

 Sort. Monac. 98, t. 98, in Flora, vii. (1824) Beib. 27, 28 ; Kunth Enum. 

 PI. i. 138 ; Benih. Fl Austral, vii. 501 ; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 544 

 S. oomplanatum, SchroMk in Flora I. c. 26 ; Kunth Enum. I. c. 137 ; 

 JVees I. e. 93 ; Thwaites Enum. PI. Zeyl. 361 ; Trim. Cai. Ceyl. PI. 106 ; 

 Baker Fl. MavHt. 440. S. dimidiatum, Brong. Bot. Toy. Cog. 127 ; 

 Wight Cat.n. 1606. S. glabrum, Trin. I.e. 175; Nees I.e. S. Koenigii, 

 Schrank I. c. S. madagascariense, Funth Bevis. Gram. ii. 163, t. 211 ; 

 Enum. PI. i. 524, 8u;pph 99; Steud. I.e. 118. S. sarmeutosum, Nees in 

 Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. 93 ; Fl. Afr. Austr. 63. S. Swartzianum, Nees Fl. Afr 

 Austr. 62. Rottboellia complanata, 8w. in Ges. Fr. Naturf. Berl. Mag. iv. 

 (1810) 89, t. 6 ; Schrank I. c. E. compressa, Beauv. Agrost. 109, t. 21, f. 8, 



