3(> MINNESOTA MUSHROOMS 



Russula emetica Scarlet Cap 



Plate I : 9 



Cap medium, 5-12 cm. wide, bright or deep red, rarely yellow or whitish, 

 smooth, more or less furrowed at the margin, convex, flattened or slightly depressed ■, 

 stem stout, 4-6 cm. by 1-2 cm., white, or tinged with red, smooth, spongy; 

 gills nearly free, white, broad; spores globose, spiny, 8-10/x. The name refers 

 to its supposed properties. 



Common in forest and woodland during summer and autumn ; very acrid and 

 commonly reputed to be poisonous, but said by Mcllvaine to be harmless. 



Russula roseipes Rosy Stem 



Cap small, 3-6 cm. wide, rose-red, tinged with other colors, smooth, sticky, 

 striate at the margin, convex to plane or slightly depressed; stem stout, 3-7 cm. 

 by 8-15 mm., white tinged with red, smooth, stuffed or somewhat hollow; gills 

 more or less adnexed, whitish then yellow ; spores subglobose, yellowish, spiny, 

 S-lOju. The name refers to the rosy stem. 



On ground, usually in coniferous woods, late summer and autumn; excellent, v 



Russula rubra Red Russula 



Cap medium, 6-11 cm. wide, vermilion, bright and shining, rarely paler, 

 smooth, dry, convex or flat, often depressed; stem stout, 5-8 cm. by 2-3 cm., white 

 or reddish, solid ; gills adnate, yellowish or yellow, often red on the edge ; 

 spores globose, spiny, 8-10/x. The name refers to the color. 



On the ground in woods, summer and autumn ; very acrid, but edible. 



Russula foetens Fetid Russula 



Cap medium to large, 8-14 cm. wide, dull or dingy yellow, smooth, sticky 

 when moist, striate-warty at the margin, convex to flat and depressed ; stem stout, 

 4-7 cm. by 1-2 cm., whitish, stuffed or hollow; gills adnexed, whitish, more 

 or less forked or connected by veins; spores globose, spiny, 8-1 l/x. The name 

 refers to the unpleasant odor. 



On ground m woods, during summer and autumn ; odor and taste both disagree- 

 able, though Mcllvaine states that the plant is not actually poisonous. 



Russula aurata Golden Russula 



Cap small to medium, 4-8 cm. wide, bright yellow or orange, rarely red, 

 smooth, sticky when wet, even at the margin, or striate or wrinkled when old, 

 bell-shaped to convex or flat; stem stout, 5-8 cm. by 1-2 cm., white or bright 

 yellow, solid or spongy ; gills free, whitish or yellowish, but bright yellow on the 

 edge, broad; spores globose, spiny, 8-10/j,. The name refers to the color. 



In woodlands or grassland, summer and autumn ; smell and taste pleasant, 

 edible. 



