MINNESOTA MUSHROOMS 



Lepiota 



Armillaria 



Tricholoma 

 Clitocybe 



Russula 

 Lactarius 



Collybia 



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(y) Stem without a volva at the base; 

 ring present 

 y. Stem and cap fleshy and contmuous. 

 tearing when separated 

 (x) Stem with a ring; volva lacking 

 (v) Stem without ring or volva 



m. Flesh of cap and gills firm, 

 hardlv spongv ; spores smooth, 

 usuallv elliptic 

 (m) Gills adnate or sinuate 

 (n) Gills mostly sloping to the 

 stem, decurrent 

 n. P'lesh of cap and gills more or 

 less spongy ; spores spiny, 

 roundish 

 I m) Sap not milkv 

 I n ) Sap milkv. white or colored 

 z. Stem and cap continuous, but stem car- 

 tilage-like and distinct from the 

 fleshv cap 

 (x) Gills not decurrent 



m. Cap turned in at margin when 



young 

 n. Cap not turned in at margin 

 when voung 

 (y) (jills decurrent 

 (b) Gills waxv, cap more or less watery 

 (2] Gills vein-like, blunt at edge, decurrent 

 b. Stem excentric, lateral or absent 

 Cap fleshy-leathery, leathery, corky or woody 



a. Edge of gill not forked 



(1) Cap fleshy-leathery 



(a) Stem separating readilv from cap 



(b) Stem and cap continuous 

 X. Gills toothed at edge 

 V. Gills entire at edge 



(2) Cap corky or woody, shelf-like 



b. Edge of gill forked into recurved halves 



AMANITA 



The cap and stem are readily separated from each other, and the latter bears a 

 ring. At the base of the stem is a cup or volva, which with the ring distinguishes 

 this genus from L e p iota and A m a n i t o p s i s : that is Amanita has both 

 ring and voha, Lepiota only the ring and Amanitopsis only the volva. The 

 volva breaks into fragments and disappears in a few species of Amanita, and 



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