APPENDIX D 237 



Mahomedan and Christian negroes differ in their mental 

 characters. Consider how closely Mahomedans of all races 

 resemble one another mentally. Consider how indistinguishable 

 mentally are Catholic Teutons from Catholic Celts in Ireland, arid 

 how markedly they differ both from the Protestant Teutons and 

 the Protestant Celts of Great Britain and Ireland. I have, 

 however, dealt somewhat fully with this matter of religion else- 

 where, and my space here is limited. Still I am in hopes that the 

 little I have said proves that any tendency towards charity, etc., is 

 wholly acquired and not inborn. 



Again Galton says : " The ablest race of which history bears 

 record is unquestionably the ancient Greek, partly because their 

 masterpieces in the principal departments of intellectual activity 

 are still unsurpassed, and in many respects are unequalled, and 

 partly because the population that gave birth to the creators of 

 these masterpieces was very small." He further says : " The 

 average ability of the Athenian race is, on the lowest possible 

 estimate, nearly two grades higher than our own — that is, about 

 as much as our race is above that of the African Negro. This 

 estimate, which may seem prodigious to some, is confirmed by 

 the quick intelligence and high culture of the Athenian 

 commonalty, before whom literary works were recited and works 

 of art exhibited, of a far more severe character than could possibly 

 be appreciated by the average of our race, the calibre of whose 

 intellect is easily guaged by a glance at the contents of a railway 

 bookstall.'' De Quatrefage says : " There can be no real relation 

 between the dimensions of the cranial capacity and social 

 development. ... By such an extension the Troglodytes of 

 the Cavern of Lq L'Homme-Mort would be superior to all the 

 races enumerated in the table, including contemporary Parisians." 

 But Mill wrote : " Of all vulgar modes of escaping from the 

 consideration of the effect of social and moral influences on the 

 mind, the most vulgar is that of attributing the diversities of 

 conduct and character to inherent natural differences " ; and 

 Buckle, the historian, who, notwithstanding the deficient 

 knowledge of his time, had a true appreciation of the problem, 



