368 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 214 
attempts to produce alfalfa seed at this Station, the fungus has stripped the 
leaves and seed capsules befcre maturity. It is very likely to prevent success in 
growing this seed in Ohio, though it is much less injurious to the forage crop 
proper because of cutting at short intervals. : 
Root-Rot. The same parasitic fungus (Fusarium roseum Lk.=Gibberella 
Saubinetit (Mont.) Sacc.) which attacks wheat in the form of scab and also red 
clover, has been found killing out alfalfa at Wooster (See Bulletin 203). This 
fungus may survive in stubble fields where wheat and oats have been grown. 
It readily kills off the young seedlings of alfalfa and if the soil is not fully 
prepared for alfalfa seedings, the root-rot may extend its work and further 
destroy the stand. At present nothing better is known than adequate 
dressings of lime, preferably raw limestone, for areas to be seeded, together with 
their proper enrichment. At this time warning is given as to the possible 
seriousness of this trouble in the future. While not specifically noted in America 
another root-rot-fungus somewhat known on other crops (RAzzoctonia) has also 
been reported upon alfalfa from France. Another root-rot fungus (Ozonium 
omnivorum Shear) well known upon cotton, also attacks alfalfa in the southwest. 
I believe this is not known to occur in Ohio. 
Rust. Alfalfa suffers from a rust fungus (Uvromyses striatus Schroet) and 
while it may scarcely have appeared in Ohio, it is almost certain to do soin 
time. Like the similar leaf diseases of red clover, it may have rather small 
economic interest. 
APPLE 
Bitter-Rot or Anthracnose. In recent years this fungus (Glomerella rufomac- 
ulans (Berk.) Sp. and Von Schr.) has been investigated and its survival in the 
mummy fruits and cankered 
branches proved. (Bulletin 40 
Virginia Experiment Station; 
Bulletin 77, Illinois Experiment 
Station; Bulletin 40, Bureau of 
Plant Industry). This bitter-rot 
is also a ripe-rot, in common 
with other anthracnoses. For Ohio 
certain varieties are the chief 
sufferers; one of these is the 
Bentley Sweet grown in Belmont 
county, another is the Rambo. 
The disease develops in the later 
season and it seriously impairs 
both the eating and keeping 
qualities. For its control the 
destruction of mummy fruits and 
Fig. 29. An apple attacked by bitter-rot. Aregular attention to branch cankers are 
curved outline of the spores will be observed, the conidia necessary in addition to the ap- 
of the fungus developing in concentric forms under suit- plication of sprays. Since we 
able conditions. After Alwood. know the life history of the 
fungus better it has been possible 
to control the bitter-rot successfully under orchard conditions as the annual 
sources of infection in mummy fruits and cankers have been mastered. In this 
late spraying soluble sprays are used toward the end as with the black-rot of 
the grape. 
Black-Rot. The black-rot also at times called brown-rot, is apparently more 
common in the orchards toward the southern portion of the state. The writer has 
found it a serious matter to control the black-rot fungus ( Sphaeropsis malorum 
