370 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 214 
the general ones of germicide sprays with addition of scraping off loosened bark 
where possible; for this purpose a dull tool is. preferable. Some forms which 
might be called canker on young trunks and on older branches are in fact forms 
of winter injury from freezing. Types of -branch cankers are somewhat var- 
iable, but they are all matters calling for close attention. 
Collar-Rot. (See Sun-Scald). | 
Coyneum or Orange Leaf-spot. During 1908 and 1909 specimens of an orange 
leaf-spot have been received, and a severe case of defoliation of apple trees in 
town was reported from Stark county. This leaf-spot is a central, erumpent 
pustule with an immediate border of orange yellow: this yellow area shades off 
into dark color toward the green tissue. Hartley has reported, upon investiga- 
tions of the fungus in this case, Coryneum follicolum, that it is not actively 
parasitic. Possibly we have this fungus following something else, after the 
manner that another fungus follows the black-rot leaf-spot described below. (See 
also rust of apple). 
Crown Gall. This disease is especially a nursery trouble of apple and shows 
its effects by enlargements near the crown or upon other portions of the stem or 
root. It is quite probably due to the same organism (Bacterium tumefaciens 
Erw Sm & Towns) as the olive knot or some other crown galltroubles. This is 
decidedly an infectious disease which probably calls for inspection of nursery 
stock, and for great care to provide against diseased trees. Cure of infected 
plants has not been secured. There is great danger in endeavoring to grow 
nursery stock upon land which was once infected with the organism. 
Edema. An Edema or swelling of apple twigs has been described by Atkin- 
son from New York (Cornell Station, Bulletin 61). This on closely trimmed 
trees on over fertile soil. 
Fly-speck Fungus (Lepfothyriun pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc.) This obvious 
fungus disease in ordinary seasons appears chiefly upon apples grown in low, 
moist situations. Peck’s Pleasant, 
Rhode Island Greening, Rome Beauty 
and several other varieties have been 
noted as affected by the Sooty Fly- 
speck troubles which may be identical 
asto cause. During wet seasons, like 
that of 1896 and 1909, a few susceptible 
varieties are liable to be spotted by this 
parasite whatever be the location of 
the trees. Aside from selecting high, 
sunny situations for the apple orchard, 
spraying with Bordeax mixture will 
prevent this spot. (See Sooty Fungus). 
Fruit Blotch. Fruit blotch is a re- 
cently described fungus (Phyllositcta 
solitaria, E.&E.) which causes a ser- 
ious spotting of fruit in a number of 
ways as described in bulletins of the 
Illinois and West Virginia Experiment 
Fig. 30, An apple attacked by the Fly-speck : 
fungus. The sooty fungus is also abundanton Stations, so that we may expect it to 
specimen as is usually the case. give trouble in Ohio. As indicated 
the fruit is attacked by this spotting 
and in addition the fungus produces small cankers on twigs. Scott has 
recently shown that it will be fully controlled by three or four sprayings with 
Standard Bordeaux mixture. (See Bulletin Bureau of Plant Industry). 
