316 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 214 
Parasitic diseases are named with regard to the organisms 
which cause the disease, or to the effects they produce in the host 
parts, that is, those diseases which result from attacks of the rust 
fungi, (Uredineaae), are properly called rusts; also 
the smutty, dirty conditions resulting from the 
attacks of the smut fungi, (Usti/agineae), are 
known everywhere as smuts; these are well known 
and destructive upon grassesand cereals. Thus 
we have smuts of oats, corn, wheat, broom corn, 
sorghum, millet, blue-grass, etc. 
The anthracnoses are produced by a definite 
class of fungi, (Melanconiae). The name 
anthracnose is applied to a disease of a given 
host caused by an organism of this group 
and the host name is usually retained, as the 
anthracnose of wheat, the anthracnose of rye, 
the anthracnose of raspberry, wherein the dis- 
eases are caused by species of this group of 
parasitic fungi. However, in the case of attack. 
_Fig.2. Headorpan- Upon the fruit as in the anthracnose of apple, ¢ 
we ome ommret because of the 
cat kernels and many bitter taste given 
of their surrounding tg the fruit, we 
parts have been con- Q >, 
verted into black, sooty h ave the popular \ yy 1 
(smutty) masses by the name bitter eo rot; Q Mi). i N 
loose smut fungus, oh . = Al\s c} A V ih Nee 
Ustilago. in a similar in- : d WARS >™ 
stance, viz., that CLI 
of the anthrac- Fig. 3. Section through an anthracnose 
nose of the grapeberry, the dis- spot (acervulus) of the cucumber anthracnose 
Re is fungus (Colletotrichnm lagenarium) showing 
colorations of fruit are SO _ thetong, dark hairs (setae) of whose office we 
characteristic that it is popularly Ca hp sesre essing Besneneniee 
“ = yphae) and the spores of this fungus. The 
called the birds-eye rot. With members of that division of the commoner 
wheat, oats, rye, etc, thename is @nthracnoses having setae in the acervuliare 
lied b ¢ je "referred to the genus Codletotrichum, while 
applie ecause of the organisms _ similar ones without setae bear the genus 
found. As statedin the preceding x 9mes G/ocosportum, Sphaceloma, etc. (See 
i anthracnoses of apple, grape, lettuce, wheat, 
pages, we describe most leaf ats, etc). Berane! 
infesting diseases with regard to the 
effects the parasites have upon the host; thus we have the leaf-spot dis- 
ease resulting from attacks of any one of a number of fungi, chiefly, 
however, belonging to the imperfect forms. The shot-hole fungus 
of the plum is a good illustration of the naming of atrouble from 
the symptoms produced. 
A considerable group of diseases are known as downy mildews. 
Among these we have the destructive potato late blight and rot, 
Phytophthora; also the cucumber disease, Plasmopara, as well as the 
