378 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 214 
(Conn. Exp. Sta. R. 1897, Pt. III). In this instance, as with the downy mildew 
of cucumber, it is probable that August 1 is sufficiently early to begin the 
application of the fungicides. 
Powdery Mildew. Powdery mildew of the bean is due to the same fungus as 
the powdery mildew of pea, for which see pea. 
Rust. This fungus (Uromyces appendiculatus (P.) Lev.) is often observed to 
produce reddish brown spore masses upon both surfaces of the leaves of beans, 
It is perhaps rather more variable in occurrence, and certainly less injurious in 
the past than bean anthracnose. It has been quite common in Ohio. Beyond 
burning diseased refuse we are not prepared to suggest remedial or preventive 
measures. 
Stem-Rot. The root-rot fungus (Rhizoctonia) attacks the bean root and stem 
and at times spots the pods in the south. 
BEECH 
Anthracnose. The anthracnose fungus (Gloesporium Fagi (Rob.) of beech 
attacks the leaves, but is not so serious as many of the other anthracnoses. 
Leaf Diseases. While the beech is not largely planted, it is nevertheless a 
useful shade tree. The leaves are often attacked by two or three mildews (M/ic- 
rosphaera erinophila Pk. & M. penicillata (Wallr.), also Phyllactinia suffulta), 
which, however, rarely gives serious injury to foliage. In Europe the beech is 
attacked by a rust fungus (elampsora Fagi); the leaves are also attacked by a 
leaf-spot species of Phyllosticta. 
BIRCH 
Anthracnose. The anthracnose fungus of birch (Gloeosporium Betularium, 
E&M) attacks the leaves of our American birches while other anthracnoses are 
known on the European species. Our knowledge of the injury is very limited. 
Mildews. The downy mildews of beech and alder in part occur upon the 
birches. 
Wound Fungi. Characteristic flesh fungi invade pruning or other wounds in 
the birch and are to be guarded against as with other woody growths. 
BEET 
Leaf-Spot. The garden beet is quite liable to the attacks of the leaf-spot 
fungus (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) which causes serious impairment of leaf 
action and premature dropping of the foliage. Other changes are likely to 
follow those stated. This trouble may be controlled by the use of Bordeaux 
mixture at fortnightly intervals. (B. 199). The leaves of beets are also attacked 
by a white mold (Cystopus Bliti (Biv.) Lev.) although this latter fungus is less 
frequent and less ruinous than leaf-spot. The same fungicide may be used if 
required. See ‘‘sugar beet’’ for other diseases. 
Scab. Thescab troubles on the beet are similar to those on the potato and 
are referred to the same fungus. This trouble is likely to follow where beets 
follow in soil that has been diseased with either beets or potatoes. 
Root-Rot. (See sugar beet). 
' 
BEGONIA. (See Pelargonium). 
Nematodes. These minute worm parasites attack the roots and also the 
leaves of cultivated begonias (Ohio Exp. Sta. B. 73; N. J. Exp. Sta. Rept. 1894). 
For the commoner root injury avoidance isto be sought in the preparation of 
the earth. 
Root-Rot. The root-rot fungus of violets and tobacco Thielavia basicola 
Zopf.) was found attacking the roots of begonia which suffered from nematodes. 
Its general occurrence since the discovery upon tobacco and catalpa show that 
it is capable of serious injury to the roots of these cultivated nin nt 
