DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS 381 
The losses from the brown-rot have been very large and specific remedies 
cannot be stated. The author quoted sums up the subject of treatment 
in one word—prevention. The measures recommended are—plant on new land 
and only from healthy seed beds; avoid 
succession of the same crops; avoid 
stable manure and give preference {o 
artifical fertilizers to escape possible 
infection through the manure. Prevent 
animals from cropping in diseased 
fields. Clean tools by scouring bright 
after use in infected soil. Fight the 
cabbage insects, since these inoculate 
healthy plants with the disease. 
Removal of badly affected plants, or 
newly infected leaves, at intervals, 
and subsequent burning or deep pitting 
of this refuse may aid in checking 
brown-rot. Destroy all mustard 
weeds. See page 318 for part played 
by water pores in the infection. 
Club-Root. Club-root fungus (Plas- 
modiophora Brassicae Wor.) attacks 
these plants as well as the turnip, ruta- 
baga, wild shepherd’s purse, hedge- 
mustard and certain other plants of 
the mustard family. It is called finger 
and toe disease in England. It causes 
enlargement of the roots and prevents 
growth of normal head or root. (See 
figure, p. 380). 
This fungus is harbored in the soil, 
so that if the land is once infected the 
disease may prove lasting. It has not 
yet been learned how long the trouble 
will survive if the soil is planted in Rig@h. Geb bnesaisubenacker ey vented 
other crops. Lands newly brought wilt. This has caused the leaves to yellow and 
under cultivation may be infected with drop and the plant has produced no marketable 
club-root through the wild mustard heads. The lesion caused by wilt fungus may be 
plants upon them, Tt would appear serves soon Se lang se one, tal 
possible by watchfulness to avoid 
getting the club-root fungus into cab- 
bage lands; the seed bed should be most carefully guarded from this trouble as 
from rot. It will be much cheaper to abandon the crop for some other, when 
the plant bed has become affected with club-root and the seedlings have 
enlarged or whitened roots from this disease. 
“In New Jersey, Halsted has investigated this trouble and has found (N. J. 
Exp. ‘Sta. B. 98 and 108) that fresh stone lime, if applied at the rate of 75 to 80 
bushels per acre upon freshly plowed land in spring, and worked into soil, will 
very greatly reduce the amount of club-root on turnips and cabbage; there is no 
reason to doubt that this treatment is applicable to all plants of the order 
attacked by club-root. 
