DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS 397 
ELM 
Bleeding. Bleeding of pruned elm trees is often annoying as well as 
dangerous. Mr. Boddy, City Forester of Cleveland, thinks asphaltum covering 
over cut surface reduces or cures the bleeding. This is successful when searing 
by torch precedes application of dressing. 
Black-Spot. The leaves of ornamental elms are attacked by black spots 
( Dothidella ulmi (Duv.) Wint.) (Gromonia Ulmea (Sacc.) Thuem.) which some- 
times injure the leaves, and by this means checks the tree. ; 
Other Leaf Diseases also occur upon the elm. One of these is a leaf-spot 
(Phyllosticta ulmicola Sacc.) which matures its spores in the fallen leaves. 
Gathering and burning these infested leaves will prove a check on this fungus, 
The Powdery Mildews (Microsphaera Alnit D.C. and Uncinula macrospora 
Pk., more often the latter) likewise attack elm leaves. If troublesome these 
should be reached by applications of Bordeaux mixture, making the first 
application when the leaves are half grown. 
Timber-rots are also known onthe elm; to be guarded against in wound 
infection of shade trees. : 
Twig Disease. In portions of Ohio and in Kentucky a dying of elms which 
are prized as shade trees has been reported. This disease shows first as'a loss 
of leaves at the ends of twigs, often at the tops of trees. (See Kentucky Exp. 
Sta. Bul. 84). Itis believed by Prof. Garman that changing soil conditions 
have much to do with this disease. To the writer it would seem that the water 
factor with this, as with many other shade trees, may prove a determining 
cause. At any rate, the time has come for a study of these water problems in 
shade trees. 
EMMER 
Anthracnose, Scab, etc. Emmer and its near relative, spelt are attacked in 
Ohio by the Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns) and by the scab 
(Fusarium roseum Lk.) These diseases are the same as those occurring upon 
rye, wheat and other cereals under which heads fuller notes will be given. 
(Also see bulletin 203). 
FIG 
Leaf Diseases. The fig is frequently grown in conservatories and is often 
attacked by leaf diseases. The commonest leaf fungus (Cercospora Bolleana 
(Thuem.) Speg.) of the Mediterranean region is a serious leaf disease. The 
attacked spots assume a brown color, the leaves eventually yellowing and drop- 
ping off. Where leaves of fig begin to drop from such causes, a spraying with 
Bordeaux mixture should be applied upon the younger leaves. 
FILBERT 
Black-Knot (Cryptosporella anomala (Pk.) Sacc.) has been found upon culti- 
vated filbert or hazel-nut in New Jersey and Massachusetts (N. J. Exp. Sta. 
Rept. 1892 and Mass. Exp. Sta. Rept. 1892). This is a serious stem disease 
which may check successful culture when it occurs. 
FLAX 
Dodder. Flax is attacked at times by a seedling parasite, flax-dodder 
(Cuscuta Epilinum Weihe) whose tiny, leafless stems wind about the flax plant 
and by haustoria, or sucking organs penetrating the epidermis, draw from it 
substances essential to healthy growth. The dodder seeds are carried in the 
flax seed and prevention must seek to avoid the seeds. 
Other Diseases of flax are noted to occur in the Northwest among which are a 
Fusarium wilt and a Colletotrichum blight. (See bulletins 50, 55 and 71, North 
Dakota Exp. Sta.). 
