Anthracnose, 
DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS 399 
GOURD 
Downy Mildew, &c. Gourds are susceptible to the same 
fungus diseases as the cucumber. The two most conspicuous are anthracnose 
and downy mildew. The anthracnose, especially, causes spotting and discolor- 
ation on the gourds. 
This may be arrested if, when the gourds are gathered, 
they are subjected to treatment with scalding water; otherwise the development 
of the tungus continues while the disfiguring increases. Field treatment in this 
case is the same as recommended for like diseases of the cucumber. 
GRAPE 
Anthracnose. As is well known we have a 
long list of fungi attacking the grape, among them 
the anthracnose fungus (Sphaceloma ampelinum) 
which is found upon leaves and stems as wellas 
the fruit, causing definite sunken spots, usually 
with a central area of lighter color. Upon the 
fruit the appearance has suggested the name 
‘“‘bird’s-eye-rot’’ and the last the name bitter-rot. 
- Where prevalent the anthracnose may be entirely 
prevented by following the directions in the use of 
Bordeaux mixture as given in the calendar. 
Bitter-Rot (Melanconium fuligineum (Scrib & 
Viala) Cav.) of the grape is sometimes prevalent but 
perhaps less frequent in Ohio than the black-rot. 
Black-Rot (Guignardia 
Bidwelliit Ell.) is one of 
the most troublesome and 
i 2 destructive of grape dis- 
‘ig. 51. Tapes attacked by x 
anthracnose, also called Bird’sEye CASES: it chiefly attacks 
Rot. the fruit and causes dark 
spotting and rotting of the 
green berries, but it may also attack the leaves, petioles 
and cluster branches, producing circular or elongated 
dead spots in them. The rotted fruits persist upon the 
branches and may hang on over winter, thus carrying 
the fungus from year to year. This disease, if neg- 
lected, is very destructive and the longer the neglect the 
greater is the difficulty in prevention. Because of the 
circumstances stated, delay in beginning the treatment 
increases the difficulty. It is apparently essential that 
first applications of fungicide for the black rot be made 
while the vines are dormant and that these be very 
thorough, followed by the later applications as per 
calendar. Omission of the spraying just before the 
blossoms open may lead to ragged clusters, from drop- 
ping of the small grapes. (See report of the U. S. 
Dept. of Agr. 1896). (Ohio Exp. Sta. Bul. 130). 
Crown-Gall. Crown gall of the grape is known to 
give trouble in Ohio. This comes as enlargements near 
the crown and on the roots. The latter occurring upon 
raspberry, peach, etc. It is believed to be due to the 
Fig, 52. A cluster of 
grapes attacked by Black- 
rot. Therotting grapes are 
light brown in color im- 
mediately followingdecay. 
same cause as the other crown galls and to be handled only through removal 
