DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS 441 
SPINACH 
Anthracnose occurs upon spinach but is not definitely known in our district. 
Downy Mildew. The downy mildew fungus ( Peranospora effusa (Lev.) Rabh.) 
is already known upon lamb’s quarters and may appear upon the cultivated 
spinach of the same order. It shows as discolored or dead spots in the leaves with 
felted, downy covering underneath. Methods of prevention here would be as 
for cucumbers, except that applications could scarcely be made after the plants 
are nearly developed. 
In older trucking districts other diseases such as white smut and scab have 
been reported, but are not known to occur with us in Ohio. 
SNAP-DRAGON 
Anthracnose. Stewart has described an anthracnose fungus of:snap dragon 
( Colletotrichum antirrhini Stew.). This attacks the leaves causing brown spots 
and is at times serious. It may be successfully combatted by spraying with 
Bordeaux mixture. ve aie, 
Stem-Rot. A stem-rot (Phoma sp.) also attacks the stems of snap-dragon at 
any point above the ground. It is especially severe on thé younger or sucker 
stems. 
SQUASH 
The squash is attacked by diseases already described under cucumber, 
namely, anthracnose, downy mildew and the wilts. The remedies are likewise 
the same. 
SOLOMON'S SEAL 
Leaf Diseases. Solomon’s Seal is attacked by afungus (Aecidium conval. 
lariae Schul.) which causes characteristic orange-colored cluster cups, and by 
a leaf-spot fungus (Phyllosticta cruenta (Kickx.). This latter disease is liable 
to give increasing trouble in culture. : 
Smut. Parts of this plant are also attacked by a smut fungus (Urocystis 
colchict (Schl.) Rabh.). I believe this is rather infrequent. 
SPRUCE 
Leaf-Spot. Norway spruce in Ohio has suffered seriously in 1908-9 from 
attacks by a leaf-spot fungus (Phoma sp.). This fungus causes the discolora- 
tion of the leaves (needles) also their dropping. The fruit bodies of the fungus 
occur upon the scales of the branches as well as upon the leaves and are evi- 
dently capable of surviving from year to year. This leaf-spot or leaf blight has 
been reported from several counties upon hedge plantings, upon large shade 
trees and upon sizes grown for Christmas trees. Drouth conditions in 1907 were 
a large factor in this matter causing the death of many spruce trees in 1907 and 
1908. Itis believed that winter and early summer sprayings will have some 
effect in checking the leaf trouble. This experience shows the need for mulches 
about Norway spruce, especially in the southern portion of Ohio. 
Seedling diseases are liable to prove troublesome thus chécking efforts to 
grow seedlings of spruce. , 
STRAWBERRY 
Aborted Fruits. In certain seasons, and especially in 1908, there were.many 
reports of misshapen and aborted fruits. In certain cases the salable fruit: was 
less than 50 percent of the whole. These misshapen fruits are rarely the result 
of disease, more often they are the indirect result of imperfect pollination. The 
effects. of weather conditions in hindering pollination and making it imperfect are 
well known. Some bright sunny weather is all essential. 
