WEED MIGRATION 767 



city of Mexico; by Bexar in Texas in 1828, in Rock Creek by 

 Fendler in 1847, and in El Paso in 1849; and by Geyer from 

 Pierre, South Dakota, in 1839. Nearly all of the early collectors, 

 as Rothroek, Parry, Fendler, Geyer, Hayden, Brandegee, Palmer, 

 mention this weed. It is generally believed to have become rapidly 

 diffused in Texas after 1865. 



Jimson "Weed {Datura stramonium). 



Found everywhere in Iowa and in many parts of the United 

 States from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Common in eastern North 

 America for more than seventy-five years. It is mentioned by 

 Darlington, 1847, and Gray, 1848, states that it is a well known 

 weed. The date of its appearance in Europe is not given by Ratze- 

 burg, Kabseh notes that the thorn apple was introduced from India 

 by gypsies. The plant is native to India where its poisonous prop- 

 erties were long known. The 5th and 6th editions of Gray's 

 Manual indicate a wide distribution in eastern North America. It 

 was common in western Wisconsin in 1881. Cratty states that it 

 was rare in Emmet county, Iowa, in 1881. 



UMBELLIFERAE, CARROT FAMILY. 

 Wild Carrot (Daucus carota L.). 



This was reported by Dr. Torrey as occurring in fields in the 

 northern and middle states in 1826. Dr. Gray records it as common 

 in 1848; Darlington, in 1857, states that "this foreigner is ex- 

 tensively naturalized and becoming more troublesome from the 

 culpable negligence of our farmers. ' ' In his 5th edition. Dr. Gray, 

 in 1867, states "advanced from Europe." In the 7th edition, 1908, 

 Robinson and Fernald state "fields and waste places, a pernicious 

 weed" indicating a general distribution. Britton, 1901, states 

 "common throughout our area" and the writer knew this weed in 

 western Wisconsin, in 1880. In some places it was pretty well 

 naturalized. Occasional specimens were found by the writer in 

 1889, in Iowa. It had previously been reported by Halsted and 

 Arthur. It began to spread quite rapidly in 1904. F. W. Paige 

 reports it from Ft. Dodge in 1909. It is now reported quite fre- 

 quently from different places in the state. The following are a 

 few of the localities: Greenfield, 1891 (P. C. Stewart) ^ Earlham, 

 1903 (J. Long) ; Carrolton, 1904 (E. C. Schreiber) ; Zearing, 1904 

 (E. E. Sparrow) ; Hawarden, 1905 (C. S. McCarty) ; Hartley, 

 1905 (W. B. Elliott) ; Panora, 1906 (L. J. Hooper) ; Marshall 



