ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Xlll 



Page 

 Spirogyra, 657 



Structure and reproduction of Vhara fragilis, 660 

 Laminariacea3, with perforated fronds, 662 



Fuaus vesioidosus (Bladder-wraok) : female oon- 



oeptacle, &c., 663 



Fucus vcsiculosus: male oonceptaclu, &c., 664 



A brancli of the Gulf- weed, Sargassum hacoiferum, 



with leaves and air-saos, 665 



Chytridiaceoa and Ancylistacete, - - 668 



Swarm-sporea in Saprolegniacete and Chy tridiacea?, 669 

 The raise Vine-mildew, Pcronospora viticola, 670 

 Achlya lignicola and its Reproduction, 671 



Entomophthorece: JSntomophtAora and Empusa, 672 

 Mucor and its Reproduction, - 673 



Asoomycetes, - - 679 



The Ergot of Eye, Olaviceps purpurea, 680 



Various Asoomycetes, - - 681 



The Morel and other Discomyoetes, • 683 



Portion of a lamella of an Agaricus with a basi- 



dial layer, 684 



Basidiomyoetes: various species of Fungi, - 685 



Gasteromycetes; Puff-ball, Earth-star, &c., 690 



Lichens, - 693 



Gelatinous Lichens, 694 



Crustaceous Lichen; Lecanora esculenta, 695 



Vertical section through an air-chamber of the 



Liverwort Marclmntia polymorpha, 697 



Jungermanniacese: Scale-mosses, - 698 



Mosses and their Spore-capsules, &o., - - - 700 

 Mosses, with details of structure, - - - 701 

 Spore-capsules of Mosses, 703 



Various Ferns, 707 



Life-history of a Fern, - 708 



Hydropterides or Rhizocarps, 710 



EquisetaoeLB or Horsetails, 712 



Club-moss: Lycopodium annotinum, 714 



Lycopodiales, with details of structure, 716 



A group of Oycas revoluta, 719 



Female Cone and Scales in Abietineffi, - 721 



Flowers, &o., of Mountain Pine (Pinus Pumilio), "ill 

 The Scotch Pine {Pinus sylvestris), 723 



The AroUa Pine {Pinus Cembra), 724 



Welwitschia mirabilis in its natural surroundings, 727 

 Liliiflorte: Examples of the Lily Alliance, 729 



Asphoddus ramosus at Paestum (Southern Italy), 730 

 The New Zealand flax {Phormium tenax), 731 



Adam's Needle ( Yucca gloriosa), - 732 



JEchmea paniaulata (family Bromeliaoeoe), 733 



The Traveller's Tree {RavenalaMadagascariensis), 735 

 Angrcecwm eburneum, an Orchid epiphytic on a 



tree-trunk, - - - 737 



Curled Pondweed {Potamogeton crispus), 739 



Primeval forest in Ceylon with Climbing Palms 



{Calamus) and Areca disticha, 741 



Aroids {Arum maculatum, Colocasia antiquorum^ 



&c.), 742 



JRaphidophora deoursiva climbing in a primeval 



forest of the tropical Himalayas, 743 



Page 

 Climbing Aroids {Philodendron pcrtusum and P. 



I'liibe) with cord-like aerial roots, 744 



Papyrus Plant {Papyrus antiquorum) in the Upper 



Nile, 747 



Marvel of Peru {Mirabilis Jalaya), 749 



Proteales: Flower and Fruit of Banksia, 751 



Laphnales: Camphor, Flowers of Cinnamon and 



Mezereum, 753 



" Living bridge " formed of the aiirial roots of 

 the India-rubber and other kinds of Figs in 

 Sikkim-Himalaya, 758 



Amentales: Catkins of Birch and Hornbeam, 759 

 Flowers and Fruit of Oak {Quercus sessiliflora), 760 

 The Common Beech {Fagus sylvatica), 761 



Caprifoliales ; Ipecacuanha {CephaSlis Ipecacu- 

 anha), 7 Si 

 Ericales : Flowers and Fruit of Strawberry-tree 



{Arbutus Unedo), 769 



Acanthaccce: Acanthus mollis, 772 



RanunculaceEB : Black Hellebore and Mousetail, - 773 

 The Indian Lotus {Nelumbium speciosum), grow- 

 ing in a marsh, near Pekin, 775 

 Parietales: sections of flower-bud and ovary, 776 

 DisciflorEe: Euonymus, Quassia, &c., 778 

 Crateranthce: sections of flowers, 779 

 Myrtales: Flower of Melaleuca; Flower-bud and 



Fruit of Eucalyptus, - - 782 



Melastomacese: Melastmna Malabathricum, 783 



Cactacese: several species of Cactus, 787 



Umbellales; Umbellifers with Fruit and Flowers, 789 

 Fairy Rings in a meadow near Trins in the Tyrol, 

 formed by the ascomycetous fungus Spathu- 

 laria jiavida^ - 791 



Plants with tubers and bulbs whose mode of 

 growth leads to the formation of colonies 

 arranged in lines and clusters, 796 



A section through soil permeated by the proto- 



nemal threads of the Moss Pottia intermedia, 799 

 Formation of a clustered colony by means of 



aerial runners in Saxifraga flagellaris, 801 



Frogbit (Hydrocharis Morsus-ranw): winter buds 



in process of detachment, 804 



Frogbit : winter buds rising to the surface and 



young plants developed from them, 805 



Trichia clavata, showing capillitium and spores, - 813 

 Dispersal of spores by wind : spore-capsules in 



damp and in dry weather, 814 



Spores of the Horse-tail {Equisetum Telmateja), 815 

 Polygonum viviparum and its aerial tubers, 819 



Houseleek {Sempervivum soboliferum) with ball- 

 shaped offshoots, 821 

 The formation of offshoots in Sedum dasyphyllum, 822 

 The formation of offshoots in Kleinia articulata, 823 

 Distribution of spores by expulsive mechanisms, - 825 

 Distribution of detached sprout-like offshoots by 



means of animals, 829 



Sling-fruits; Ecballium elatcrium, Oxalis Aceto- 



sella, 834 



