ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XI 



Page 

 Protection of Pollen in Herb-Rol)ert, Bell-flower, 



Scabious, 121 



Protection of Pollen in various plants, 125 

 Flowers of Vallisneria spiralis iloating on the 



surface of water, 132 

 'J'lio odinnion Alder {Alnus glutinosa) and its 



flowers, 135 

 The Paper Mulbcn-y-tmo (Broussonctia papyri- 



/era), - - 137 



The Ash {Fraxinus excelsior) and its flowers, 138 



Plowers of Avena elatior, 139 

 The Elm (Ulmus oampestris) with its flowers and 



seed vessels, 143 



Flowers, &c., of Mountain Pino (Pinus Pumilio), 144 



Male Plowers of Yew (Taxus baccata), 145 



Hazel (Oorylus Avellana) with flowers and fruits, 147 

 Curled Pondweed {Potamogeton crispus) in the act 



of pollination, 148 



Vlov/era u( ATiov/-gi-a,Ba (Triffloohin palustre), - 149 

 The Nottingham Oatchfly (Silene nutans) in the 



daytime, 154 

 The Nottingham Catchfly {Silene nutans) by night; 



a flower being visited by a moth, - 155 



Transjiort of Pollen by Egg-laying Insects, 157 

 Arum conoeephaloiiha, with the front wall of the 



spathe removed, - - 164 



Flower of Birthwort {Aristoloohia ringens), 166 

 Honeyless Flower of Argcmone Mexicana with 



abundant pollen, 168 



Flowers of the Snowflake (Leucojum vernum), 170 



Honey-secreting tissue in flowers, 173 



Nectaries in several flowers, 174 



Flower of the Snowdrop (Qalanthus nivalis), 176 

 Flower of Narcissus {Narcissus Pseudonarois- 



sus), 177 

 Flowerof the Wild Valerian ( Valeriana officinalis), 



out through longitudinally, 178 



Concealment of floney in Flowers, 180 



Concealment of Honey in Flowers, - 181 



Exampk's of Colour-contrasts in Flowers, 184 

 Two New Zealand Haastias or " Vegetable Sheep " 



(Haastia pulvinaris and Sinclairii), 188 

 Colour-contrast in the flowers of the Bean ( Vicia 



Faba), 189 

 Narcissus {Narcissus poetious), showing colour- 

 contrast, 190 

 Preparation of Flowers for Insect-visits in the 



Laburnum {Oi/tlsus Laburnum), 223 

 Arrangements for the i-eoeption of Insects at the 



entrance to the Flower, 226 

 Arrangements for the reception of Insects at the 



entrance to the Flower, 227 



Wood Anemone {Anemone nctnoj'osa), 229 



American Dogwood {Comus jloriiia), - 231 



Sticky glands as a protection to Flowers, 236 

 Sticky Bristles at the edge of the Calyx as a pro- 



teetion to Flowers, 237 



Tufts of Hair as a Protection to Flowers, 240 



Page 

 Capitula of ^^crratula lycopifolia protected by Ants 



from the attacks of a Beetle, 242 



Contrivances for loading insects with pollen, 246 



Longitudinal section through a flower of the 



Evening Primrose (Qinotliera biennis), 247 



Contrivances for ensuring the deposition of pollen 



on insect-visitors, - 249 



Withdrawal and deposition of poUinia in the 



flowers of an Orchid, 255 



Clip-mechanism for fastening the poUinia of As- 



clepias C'ornuti to the feet of insects, 258 



Apparatus for pumping pollen on to the bodies of 



insects, . 261 



Transference of pollen to the bodies of insects by 



means of mechanism of the percussive type, 262 

 Explosive apparatus for the transfer of pollen to 



the bodies of insects, 265 



Explosive apparatus in a papilionaceous flower, 266 

 Transference of pollen to the bodies of insects by 



means of explosive apparatus, 267 



Expulsive apparatus in Orchid-flowers : flower of 



Catasetum tridentatum, 269 



Flower of Pedicularis recutita, - 272 



Sprinkling apparatus of various plants, 273 



Sprinkling apparatus, 275 



Arrangements for the Retention of the deposited 



Pollen, 279 



Deposition of the Pollen in Mimulus luteus, - 280 

 Evening Primrose {(Enothera biennis), 282 



Calabar or Ordeal Bean {Physostigvia venenosum), 285 

 Types of the 1st to 10th classes of the Linnean 



System, 289 



Types of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 18th, and 20th 



classes of the Linnean System, 292 



Types of the 11th, 12th, 17th, and 21st classes of 



the Linnean System, 293 



Typo of a monoecious plant: Common Oak 



{Que reus pedunculata), 298 



Type of a dicEcious plant : Crack Willow {Salix 



frariHls), 299 



Heterostyled flowers : Primrose and others, 302 



Change of Position of Anthers and Stigmas, 305 



Flower of the Rue {Euta graveolens), - 306 



Completely dichogamous Flowers {Oeranium, 



Parietaria), 307 



Dichogamy in Saxifraga rotundifolia, 308 



Incompletely dichogamous Flowers {EpUobium, 



Ercmurus), • 309 



Geitonogamy with adherent pollen, 320 



Geitonogamy with dust-like pollen, 329 



Autogamy effected by the inclination of curved 



stamens, 342 



Autogamy effected by inclination of curved 



stamens {Circcea, Agrimonia), 343 



Autogamy brought about by elongation of the 



the pistil {Epimedium alpinum), 349 



Autogamy effected by means of an inflection of 



the style, 351 



