Vlll 



CONTENTS. 



4. The Distribution op Species. 



Page 



The Distribution of Species by Offshoots, 7;)0 



The Dispersion of Speeies by means of Fruits 



and Seeds, 833 



Limits of Distribution, 



Plant Communities and Floras, 



5. The Extinction of Species, • 



Page 



878 



885 



899 



CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS FOLLO"\VED IN 

 THIS WOEK. 



Phylum 1. — Mtxothallophtta. 

 Alliance 1. — Myxomycetes, 618 



Phylum 2. — Thallophyta. 



Class I.— Schizophyta, S20 



Alliance 2. — Cyanophycese, the Blue-green 



Algre, - 621 



Alliance 3. — Schizomycetes, the Bac- 

 teria, 622 



Class II. — Dinoflagellata, Peridinete, - 

 Alliance 4, 



Class III. — BacUlariales, 

 Alliance 5, 



Class IV. — Gamophyceoe, 



Sub-class I. — ChlorophyoeEe, the Green 



Alliance 6. — Protococcoidefe, 



Do. 7. — Siphonete, 



Do. 8. — Confervoidese, 



Do. 9. — Conjugates, - 



Do. 10. — Charales, 



Do. 11. — Phseophyceee, 



Do. 12. — Dictyotales, 



Do. 13. — Floridese, Bed Sea-weeda, 



Class V.— Fungi, 

 Sub-class I. — Phycomycetes, 

 Alliance 14. — Oomycetes, 

 Do. 15. — Zygomycetes, 



Sub-class II. — Mesomycetes, 

 Alliance 16, 

 Do. 17, 



Sub-class III. — Mycomycetes, 

 Alliance 18, 

 Do. 19, 

 Additional Group of Fungi, Lichenes, 



Phylum 3. — AEcnEOONiATiE. 



Class I. — Bryophyta,- 



AUiance 20. — Hepaticfe, Liverworts, 

 Do. 21. — Musci, Mosses, 



625 

 62,'-. 



625 

 625 



627 



627 

 628 

 641 

 648 

 65-1 

 659 

 661 

 666 

 666 



668 

 668 



ms 



673 

 074 

 674 

 074 



676 

 676 



684 

 691 



696 

 696 

 699 



Class II. — Pteridophyta, Yasculav Crypto- 

 gams, 704 

 Alliance 22. — Fdices, Ferns, - 705 

 Do. 23. — Uydropterides, Ehizocarps, 709 

 Do. 24.~Equisetales, Horsetails, 711 

 Do. 25. — Lycopodiales, Club-mosses, 713 



Phylum 4.— Phanerogamia, Flowering 

 Plants. 



