;Vjo riiK ouossiNi! ok ki.owkus. 



region of tlie youiiLjvr tlowors, whoro pollfn is being sIuhI, nnd tlioir sti^uuis ihus 

 actually come into eontai't with tho pollen. The proeess is still rurther pnmiotiHl 

 ill this speoies ol' Woodnitl" by the I'aet that the last tlowei-s to bo produoiHl mv 

 stan\inate. In the Ked-berried I'^lder (Ncoo/jkco.'j r((('C))(('.s'((), x'arious speoies of the 

 Cornel and Dogwood genus {Cornu.^ jloriiia, nuts, saiiguinea), iu tho Vines (Vitin), 

 whieh bear true hermaphrodite tlowers, in tlie Tnl'ted Loosestrife {Li/mvachia 

 tIn/i\-iijlora). and in many Spiraeas (Si>'n\n^), the arraugenionts for goitouoi^funy 

 resen\blo those o'i Sllt'r trilobio)) in that the direetion of the style and the position 

 of the stigma remain unaltered, but the tilaments of tlie anthers elongate and bend 

 over so as to deposit the pollen on the stigmas of adjaeent tlowers. In the Wav- 

 t'ariug-tree and t^uelder-rose (Vihariinin Lantana, V Oj>ttlitfi) we have yet anothor 

 eontrivanee — the pollen whioh is shed from tho Lout anthers of one llowor falls to 

 the bottom of tho eup-shapeil eorolla. of an adjaoout one, whore tho large ousliion- 

 liko stigma is situated. 



The proeovss of goitonogamy in the Snake root. (VitlUi palnst>-tn) and in Sdxi- 

 fratja juiiipfri/olia to some extent rost>n\blos tho fall of pollen in t\imposita\ The 

 (lowers in those pilauts are erowded in short spikes or faseioles. Thoy are proto- 

 gvuous. the stigma in the lower half of the intlorosoenoe not ripening until the 

 upper tlowers are shedding their pollen. Now, when the anthers begin to shrivel 

 and the pollen is thrown out, it neoessarily falls on tho fertile stigmas below. In 

 those speeies i>f Vi'ronicd whioh have spieato inllorosoeneos {Veroiiiiu vuvi-itima, 

 spii'ixta, spiirid, kc). the n\ethod of geitonogamy is slightly ditleronti, for hero tho 

 stylo undergoes peeuliar mo\'oments during the lloworing perioil. The crowded 

 tlowers are all protogyuous. and the stigmas of tho (lowers whioh first unfoKI lU'e 

 exposed to the polh'u of plants of other species. This continues for two diiya. 

 Meanwhile tho st.aiuons of the lowest (lowers on tiho spike have elouga,tod luid 

 pushed their authors into the place tirst occupied by their stigmas; the anthers 

 thou dehisce and shod their pollen. Uut shortly before this the stylo has hont 

 sharply downwards so that it is impossible for its stigmas to come in waitact with 

 this liberated pollen. Not until all the pollen has falliMi down by tho shrivelling up 

 of tho anthers or has boon carried away by insects do the styles again straighten 

 and project almost horizontally from tin- axis of tho spike. The upper (lowers on 

 tho spike undergo the same cc>urse of dovcdojtmonti, but tho stages hero are two days 

 la.tor. On this account the pollen falls from tho anthers of the higher (lowers just 

 wdion the styles of tho lower (lowers again become straight. Tho still fresh stigmas 

 ai the (>nds of the styles thus come into lino with the falling pollen and are 

 e(lici(>ntly [lollinal.ed by it. 



.V similar process occurs in /■'rciiriirns (see lig. 'Jil.T', p. ;U)!)), hut hero tlieiv is 

 no fall of pollen. The stigma.s a.t tho end of tin* just Htraightoi\ed stylo a.ro hroiifjht 

 by their change of position directly in(.o contact with the i)range-yellow pollen sdll 

 (dinging to tho witlmi'od authors of (he higher [K)wers. Aiany td' tho styles, ol 

 ciiurso, brush by the anthers witliout oU'ecling this coid.ac(., and accordingly laaiiy 

 stigmas iu the racemes of /'.'■iriiiii.ritu remain luipollina.l.cul. The tra-nslor ol tU6 



