676 THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE VEOKTAUI-K KINGDOM. 



sort of cortex ai'ound the central spore which gerinin.Mles as iu Tilldia. UroojMifi 

 Viohv is common on the leaf -stalks and blades of Violets. 

 About 100 species of Tilletiaccjo have been distingnislied. 



Snb-ol;\ss III. — Myoom vcktrs. 



llycelium ninnv-celled. Reproduction asexual, either by spores of liniileil uuiu- 

 ber in asci, or by conidia of limited number on Ivisidia. 



Alliance X V I II. — Asoomyoetea. 



Parasitic (or saprophytic) Fungi, producing spori\s iu special tubular spor.nngia, 

 the asci. These spores, termed aticoxpoir.f. do not exceed S iu number. Iu addition 

 to the asci there are subordinate conidial rructilicitious. 



Families: Jlxoascacecv., PerLipori(iet'a\ I'yrenomi/crlrn, Pii^roDii/celcii. 



As stated, this alliance is characterized by the possession of sporaugiiil frnclili- 

 cations, consisting of tubular asci contaiMing as n. ruli> 8 aseos])ores. A number of 

 such asci are shown in fig. 388''* with sterile supporting iiypha^, the jKirfipliyscs, 

 between them. In addition to these ordinary a-nd typieid Mseusdn>.'iring rruciill- 

 cations, secondary fructifications producing conidia or eldamydospores ore largiOy 

 met with; consequently numy of these Fungi ap[)eMr un<ler s(>\era,l forms in ad<litioti 

 to the ascus stage. The Asconi_yciit.es are divided int.o rM.miii(\s aeeoi-iiiiig l,o tho 

 characters of the ascus-IVnit. In the Kroasmtrir tiie asci are bm-ne fively tuiil 

 exposed on the mycelium; in the other three faniili(>s in Hpe<'i.'d ree(>])t,'ii'los. In tlie 

 Perisporiacew the group of asci is contained iu a. nut-liUe or tidier-likii body; in 

 the Pyrenomyceiea the a,sci are ]irodueed in special ])ea.r-sliapeil exeavjiiionH in ii, 

 solid tissue which open by a pore to the exterior; in tiio IHsi'itiii i/cii(<n the recept.acln 

 forms an open plate or cup, or sometimes an irregular body covered wiiili the liiyer 

 of asci. 



ExoascacecD. — This family comprises the ]iaraHitic gen(>ra KirmiHcns and Taph- 

 rina, the gall-like defonua.iions caused by which vvei-e so I'ully describiHl on p[). 521 

 and 527. The tissues of the host-pliints a.i'o penetrated by the niycelia ol' tlicHO 

 forms, and the asci are produced over the Burbiee of the iiarts iiiitacluMl, geriei'idly 

 bursting through the cuticle of the epidermis. Kw\\ aseus cordnins 8 Hjiorc^H, but in 

 many species many more than this iuind)er are often found; this is due to the I'mcI 

 that the 8 original ascospores begin to bud whilst still within the a.scus, ])r(iilMi'ing 

 a large number of secondary spores (conidia). /iJxtxisciiH has a peri^nnial niyceliuui, 

 and to its species are duo a largo number of the " witches' la'dorns" and other 

 hypertrophies. E. Fruni produces the "pocket-plum" (of. ]>. T/Jt.); E. Ahhi-viirKnn' 

 the curiously altered Alder catkins repi-esentcd in lig. 'AM ' (p. H'^It); A', (krpiiii tho 

 birds'-nest-like witches'-brooms of tho llombeani; A/', deformans the "curl" ol 

 Peach-leaves. Taphrina is largely a lea,f-]iaraHite, and its mycoliuni is not pon^n 

 nial. T. carnea causes blisters on tho loaves of tho Birch. 



