ANGIOSPERM.E, DICOTYLEDOXES. 



775 



whorls or one 5-partite whorl. Petals free. Gynaeceuin composed of 2, 3, or several 

 cai'pels joined together to form a unilocular (or spuriously bilocular), free, superior 

 ovarv. Ovules attached to the interior walls of the carpels on ridges, or springing 

 dii^ectly from the walls of the ovarv (^see fig. 437 ^). The andrcecium is composed 

 of either one whorl or many whorls of 2-5 stamens; the stamens are free, and 

 generally of equal length, and are not joined together or to the corolla (see fig. 243, 

 p. 168). The fruit, in most cases, is a many-seeded capsule (see fig. 437 '); in the 

 genus Fumaria it is a small one-seeded drupe (see figs. 322^ and 322-, p. 42 7 \ 



Hs. iX—Sdumbium sptciosum, the Indian Lotus, growing in a niaish, near Pekin (firom a photogiaphX 



In the Capparidaceffi, it is borne on a long stalk. The Eesedacea? are interesting, 

 in that in many of them the ovary is open from the be gi nning, the stigmatic tissue 

 being formed by the swollen Ups. The Cruciferte form a large and important 

 family of over 200 genera. For systematic pui-poses they are divided into the 

 Mowing tribes: — Pleurorhize*, Xotorbizese, Orthoploce«, SpirolobeiS, and Diploco- 

 lobeffi. Annual or perennial herbs and suffimtices with the foliage-leaves in spirals. 

 TCnation pinnate. Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite, pseudo - hermaphi-odite, 

 actmomorphic and zygomorphic Floral-leaves difierentiated into calyx and coroUa, 

 each of which is composed of two 2-merous whorls. Petals free. Ovary free, 

 superior. The carpels spring from below the end of the conical receptacle, and are 

 of two Mnds: the two lower carpels bear no ovules, but form valves, whilst the two 



