ANGIOSPERM^, DICOTYLEDONES. 



779 



same ground as the Beech, and, in the Central Alps, even extends beyond the upper 

 limit of the Beech. Fossil remains are found in the Mesozoic and Tertiary strata. 

 The number of known species now living is about 9000. 



Alliance LVII. — CrateranthsB. 



Families: Leguminosce, Rosacece, Saxifragacece, Escalloniaoece, Cephalotacece, 

 FrancoacecB, Crassulacece, Hydrangeacece, Ribesacece, Philadelphacece, 

 Styracacece, Hamamelidacece, Rhamnacece. 



Annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. Flowers abundant; actino- 

 morphic and zygomorphic; hermaphrodite, pseudo-hermaphrodite, monoecious, and 

 dioecious. Floral - leaves in 

 two 4-5-merous whorls, the 

 lower whorl a calyx, the upper 

 a corolla. Both whorls spring 

 from the pitcher-shaped, bowl- 

 shaped, or flat hypanthium, 

 the petals always from the 

 edge, the sepals, in part, also 

 from the base of the hypan- 

 thium. In the last case the 

 tube of the calyx is adnate 

 to the external surface of the 

 hypanthium. The gynseceum 

 is in the middle of the hypan- 

 thium, and consists either of 

 a single carpel with a uni- 

 locular ovary (see figs. 438* ^' ^' % 

 or of several separate unilocu- 

 lar carpels (see fig. 438* ^, and 

 p. 74, fig. 208 2), or of 2-many 

 miited carpels inclosing a 

 multiloeular ovary which may 

 be adnate to the surrounding 

 hypanthium at the base only, 

 or from the base to the 

 middle, or from the base to 

 the top (see p 74 fig. 208 ^-^^e). The ovules are situated on the ventral suture, 

 a^d therefore in the inner angles of the loculi. The stamens spring from the 

 edge of the hypanthium (see fig. 438*), and are in 1-2 whorls of 3-5 members 

 each The fruit is very various (pod, follicle, drupe, nut, berry, &c.), and the 

 diversity in this respect affords the best means of distinguishing the numerous 

 families belonging to this alhance. The hypanthium also varies considerably, and 



Longitudinal sections through the flowers ol: i Cadm mrm (Fami y 

 leEuminosse, division Ciesalpinese). » Agrimonia Eupatonum (Family 

 Rosacea, division Agrimoniacese). > Chrysohalanus (Family Kosaoese, 

 division Chrysobalanacese). ■> Anthyllis Fulneraria (Family LegummosK, 

 division Papilionacese). (After BaiUon.) 



