930 



INDEX. 



Aristolochia, colour and odour, ii. 197. 



— imprisonment of insects, ii. 165. 



— insect platforms, ii. 225. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— perianth, ii. 165. 



— stem, i. 364. 



Aristolochia Clematitis, allurement of in- 

 sects, ii. 206, 222. 



flower, gynandrift, ii, 292. 



food of Thais Hypermnestra, ii. 488. 



insect platform, ii. 226. 



odour, i. 431. 



pollination, ii. 244. 



venation, i. 633. 



Aristolochia Gigas, scent, ii. 200. 



var. Sturtevantii, size and colour of 



flowers, ii. 185. 

 Aristolochia ringens, flowers, ii. 166. 



insect platform, ii. 225. 



Aristolochia Sipho, leaf-hlades, i. 649. 



sinistrorse twining, i. 685. 



Aristolochiacese, ii. 599, 755. 



— American, size of flowers, ii. 185. 



— protogynous, ii. 312. 



— South American, i. 202. 

 Aristotle, biology of plants, i. 16. 

 Armeria, poUen-grain, ii. 100. 



— stigma, ii. 281. 



Armeria alpina, autogamy, ii. 358. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 



Armeria vulgaris, autogamy, ii. 358. 

 Arnebia cornuta, fruit protection, ii. 442, 

 Arnica, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



— habitat, i. 112. 



— pollination, i. 740. 



Arnica montana and Campanula, colour con- 

 trast, ii. 193. 



florets and autogamy, ii. 363. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



peripheral flowers, ii. 187. 



Amoserispusilla,persiatentcotyledons, i. 622. 

 Aroidese, ii. 742. 



— adherent roots, i. 108. 



— adventitious roots, i. 751. 



— aerial roots, i. 365, T53 ; ii. 745. 



— arrangement of roots, i. 766. 



— certain, resemblance to Leucobryum and 



Sphagnum in water-absorption, i. 220. 



— coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



— description, ii. 742. 



— development of climbing roots, i. 705. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— epiphytic, aerial roots, porous covering 



and root-hairs, i. 223. 



— extrusion of water from leaves, i, 271, 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 325, 



— geographical distribution, ii. 745. 



— imprisonment of insects, &c., ii. 164. 



— inflorescence, i. 501. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 222, 244. 



— leaf perforation, i. 413. 



— leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



— moncecious, protogynous, ii. 313. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— on ground of woods, i. 109. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— origin of roots, i. 771. 



— pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



— pollen-grain, ii, 100, 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 108. 



— temperature within spatbe, i. 501. 

 AroUa pine. See Pinus Cembra. 



Aronia rotundifolia, Gymnosporangium gall, 



u. 521. 

 Aronicum glaciale, dichogamy, ii. 312. 

 Arrangements for reception of insects, ii. 



226, 227. 



— for retention of poUen, ii. 279, 

 Arrhenatherum, flowers, sexual conditions, 



ii. 297, 

 Arrow-head, See Sagittaria. 

 Arrowroot, source of, ii, 736. 

 Artedia squamata, seed-dispersal, ii. 853, 

 Artemisia, as host of Orobanche, i. 185. 



— hairiness, i. 317, 319. 

 Artemisia Absynthiura, ii. 87. 



Artemisia Absynthium, &c., hairs, i. 322. 

 Artemisia campestris, and gall of Cecido- 



myia Artemisiae, ii. 547. 

 Artemisia Mutellina, &c., geitonogamy, 11. 



322. 



habitat and hairiness, i. 316. 



Arthrospore, of Bacteria, ii. 623. 

 Artichoke. Bee Cynara scolymus. 

 Artocarpacese, ii. 758. 



— collective fruits in, ii. 436. 



— laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



Artocarpus incisa, flowering and fruiting 



branch, ii. 438. 



from chalk, ii. 613. 



Artocarpus integrifolia, collective fruit, ii. 



436. 

 Arum, monoecious, ii. 297. 



— pollination, ii. 164. 



Arum conocephaloides and Ceratopogon, ii. 

 165. 



inflorescence, ii. 164. 



Arum cordifolium, temperature within 

 spathe, i. 501. 



Arum Italicum, fly visitors, ii. 165. 



geographical distribution, habitat, i. 



501. 



temperature within spathe, i. 501; ii. 164. 



Arum maculatum and Psychoda phallie- 

 noides, ii. 165. 



habitat, i. 654. 



leaf of, i. 286. 



Arundinaria glaucescens, protection of sto- 

 mata from moisture, i. 294. 



Arundo, arrangement for rain-water exclu- 

 sion between haulm and leaf, i. 98. 



Arundo Donax, dimensions, i. 714. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



Asafoetida. See Scorodosma Asafostida. 



Asarabacca. See Asarum Europmum. 



Asaracese, ii. 755. 



Asarum, sestivation, ii, 210, 



— leaf, emerging from soil, i. 640. 



— pollen -deposition, ii. 279. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— variety of scent, ii. 488. 



Asarum Canadense, creeping stem, i. 662. 

 Asarum Europseum, creeping stem, i. 662. 



stages in blossoming, ii. 279. 



venation, i. 633. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Ascherson, Flora der Provlnz Brandenburg, 



ii.605. 

 Asci, ii. 19- 



— of Claviceps, ii. 680. 



— of Oordyceps, ii. 679. 



— of Erysipbe, ii. 60. 



— of Morchella. ii. 683. 



— of Moulds, ii. 677. 



— of Tuber, ii. 678, 681. 

 Ascidia, i. 127. 



— alluring, &c., contrivances, i. 128. 



— as pitfalls, &c., i. 123. 

 AsclepiadacesB, i. 470 ; 11. 77. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



— corpusculum, ii. 257. 



— insect-visitors, ii. 258. 



— pollinia, &c., ii. 97, 257, 259. 



— protective sticky latex, ii. 234, 



— soft bast, i. 477. 



— viscln of poUen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Asclepias, scent, ii. 202. 



Asclepias Comuti, clips on insect foot, ii, 259. 



floral mechanism, ii. 258. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Ascoidese, ii. 674. 

 Ascoraycetes, ii. 606. 



— asci and spore formation, ii. 18. 



— distinctive characters, ii. 676. 



— various, ii. 679, 681. 

 Ascopbyllum, ii. 664. 

 Ascosporeffi, 11. 606. 



Ascospores, of Ascomycetes, ii. 19, 676, 693. 

 Ascus, of Podosphiera, ii. 60. 



— of Xylaria, ii. 679. 



Ascus-frult, basis of classification in Asco- 

 mycetes, ii. 676. 



Ascus-fruit of Eurotium, ii. 679. 



of Moulds, ii. 677. 



Asexual generation of ferns, commencement 



of, ii. 472. 

 Asexual reproduction, in Mucorini and 

 SaprolegniacesB, ii. 480, 481. 



in Saprolegnlacese, ii. 484. 



Ash, essential constituents of, ii. 66. 



— of chlorophyll, i. 371. 



— of Stratiotes aloides, Nymphsea alba. 



Cfaara fcEtida, Phragmites communis, 

 BlscuteUa laevigata, Dorycnium decum- 

 bens, i. 69. 



— of Taxus baccata, i. 70. 

 Ash. See FToxinua eoccelsior. 



— mountain. See Sorbiis Aucuparia. 

 Asparagin, i. 464. 



— an amide, 1. 458. 



— and respiration, i. 495. 

 AsparaginesB, switch-plants in, i. 330. 

 Asparagus, ii. 732. 



— phylloclades, i. 652. 



Asparagus acutifoHus, &c., weaving habit, 

 i. 674. 



Asparagus horridus, &c., spines, i. 434. 



Asparagus officinalis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 299. 



imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



Aspen. See Populus tremula. 



AspergUlese, fertilization and fruit-forma- 

 tion, ii. 60. 



Aspergillus, fermentative action, 1. 508. 



— parasitism, ii. 678. 



— sporangia, &c., ii. 18, 21. 

 Aspergillus fumigatus, habitat, ii. 678. 

 Aspergillus niger, conidial hyphse, ii. 677. 

 Asperula, stipules, i. 637. 



Asperula aparine, weaving habit, i. 674. 

 Asperula arvensis, artificially induced 



drooping, ii. 123. 

 Asperula capitata, evening smell, ii. 209. 

 Asperula galioides, cuckoo-galls, ii. 545. 

 Asperula glomerata, opening of flower, iL 



212. 

 Asperula longiflora, &c., scent, 11. 200. 

 Asperula odorata, ii. 537. 



effect of clearing wood, i. 391. 



leaf and illumination, i. 286. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, 1 730. 



stamens, ii. 86. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Asperula taurina, behaviour of styles, L 



740. 



geitonogamy, ii. 325. 



sexual conditions, il. 296. 



Asperula tlnctoria, cuckoo-galls, ii. 545. 

 Asphodel, Scottish. See Tofieldia horealis. 

 Aspbodeloideae, characteristics, ii. 730. 

 Asphodelua, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Asphodelus alhus, roots, i. 760. 



twisted leaves, i. 429. 



Asphodelus ramosus, at Pijestum, Ii. 730. 

 Asplenia calcarea, heat resistance, i. 554. 

 Aspicdia flavida, habitat, i. 117. 

 Aspidiese, sorus and induslum, &c., ii. 706. 

 Aspidium, hybrids in, ii. 582. 

 Aspidium falcatum, apogamy, ii. 458. 

 Aspidium PUix-mas, vrinter buds, emergence 



from soil, i. 639. 

 Aspidium Thelypteris, necessary soil, Ii. 612. 

 Asplenieee, sorus and induslum, ii. 706. 

 Asplenium, buds on fronds, ii. 39, 41. 



— hybrids in, ii. 582. 



— prothallus, ii. 11. 



Asplenium Germanicum, hybrid of A. Ruta- 

 muraria X A. septentrionale, ii. 586. 



— Ruta-muraria, sporophyte and prothal- 



llum, 11. 472. 

 Asses, wild, and Melocactus, i. 447. 

 Assimilation and respiration, i. 492-495. 



— theory of, i. 456. 



Aster, and ancient crossing, ii. 555. 



— autogamy, ii. 359. 



— Blue. See Aster Amellus. 



— colour-contrast in capltulum, ii. 191. 



— flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



