■INDEX. 



935 



Oallophora utilis, Amazon, latex, i. 470. 

 Calluna, pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 

 Calluna vulgaris, and grazing animals, i. 445. 

 distribution and range, i. 305, 526. 



— — flower-opening constant, i. 559. 

 poUination, ii. 129. 



sheltered pollen, ii. 107. 



Callus, buds from, ii. 30, 



— formation in leaf -cuttings, ii. 42. 

 Calothamnus, unprotected pollen, ii. 107. 

 Caltha, trabeculse in palisade cells, i. 374. 

 Oaltrop. See Tribulus. 

 Calycanthus, flower, icoaandria, ii. 293. 



— fruit, ii. 434. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— Bcent, ii. 200, 

 Oalyceracese, ii. 765. 

 Ca^cifiorse, of Be Oandolle, ii. 603. 

 Calyptra, of Bryum, &c., ii. 479, 700. 

 Calyx, accessory in fruit formation, ii. 433. 



— sestivation, ii. 210. 



— and autogamy, ii, 366. 



— application of term, i. 641. 



— inflated, protection by, ii. 238. 

 Cambium, i. 469, 476. 



— in Isoetes, i. 717. 



— of Laminaria, ii. 662, 



CameUna sativa, gall-mites and floral meta- 

 morphosis, ii. 548. 



germination constant, i. 558. 



Camellia, and ancient crossing, ii. 555. 



— double hybrids, ii. 576. 



— host of Mycoidea, ii. 653. 

 CameUia Japonica, scentless, ii. 209. 

 Campanula and Arnica Montana, &c., colour- 

 contrast, ii. 193. 



— and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— autogamy, ii. 361, 



— bell, as insect shelter, ii. 163. 



— cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— diversity of pollen protection, ii, 128. 



— nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 100. 



— protection of pollen, il 128, 118, 113 



— seed-dispersal, ii. 447. 



— storing of pollen, ii. 359. 

 Campanula barbata, autogamy, ii. 362. 



protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



temperature within flower, i. 501. 



Campanula carpatica, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 Campanula persicifoha, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 flower and autogamy, ii. 360. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Campanula patula, protection of pollen, ii. 



121. 

 Campanula pusilla, elevation and coloration, 



it 511. 



leaf-mosaic, 1. 410. 



leaf -rosette, i. 411. 



Campanula pyramidalis, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 Campanula rapunculoides, autogamy, ii. 362. 



capsules in dry and wet weather, ii. 448. 



Campanxilarotundifolia, protection of pollen, 



ii. 128. 

 Campanula spicata, autogamy, ii. 362. 



protection of pollen, ii. 113. 



Campanula Trachelium, autogamy, ii. 363. 



foliaceous stamen, ii. 86, 88. 



white and blue-flowered individuals, ii. 



193. 

 Campanula Zoisii, pull of roots, i. 768. 

 CampanulacesB, ii. 767. 



— protandrous, ii. 312. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



Campelia Zanonia, root-hairs of, i. 224. 



Camphora officinalis, or 0. officinarum, dehis- 

 cence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93, 753. 



Camphor Tree. See Camphora officinalis. 



Camponotus ^thiops and Jurinea Mollis, ii. 

 243. 



Campylodiscus spiralis, ii. 626. 



Campylodromous venation, i. 633, 634. 



Campylopus, vegetative propagation, ii. 816. 



Campylopus f ragilis, brood-body, ii. 23. 



propagation from leaves, ii. 458. 



Campylotropous ovule, L 644 



— seed, ii. 425. 



Canadian Golden-rod. See Solidago Cana- 



densia. 

 Canadian Lianes, i. 670. 

 Canal, in cell-wall, i. 45. 

 Canal-cells, of neck of amphigonium, ii. 64, 



67. 

 Candles, made from Balanophoras, i. 190. 

 Cane-sugar, allxiring, i. 461. 

 Canker, causes of various sorts, ii. 522, 523. 

 Canna, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— starch, i. 459. 



— venation, i. 634. 



— water-absorption by seeds, ii, 426. 

 Canna indica, ii. 736. 

 CannabinacesB, ii. 758. 

 Cannabis, amount of pollen, ii. 151. 



— bast-cells, i. 725. 



— dioecious, ii. 299. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 143. 



Cannabis sativa, filament of stamen, ii. 88. 



fruit-protecting glands, ii. 447. 



germination constant, i. 561. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



protogyny, ii. 313. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Cannacese, ii. 599. 



— floral characters, ii. 736. 



— leaves and rain conduction, i. 94. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



Cantharellus cibarius, appearance, ii. 491. 



edible, PI. SIV., u. 689. 



Caoutchouc, source of, i. 756. 

 Cap, of Hymenomycetes, ii. 688. 



— of moss sporogonium, ii. 15. 

 Cape, hairiness of plants, i. 317. 



— heaths of, number and variety ; other 



plants with rolled leaves, i. 306. 



— spiny plants, i. 438. 



Cape bulbs, cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 

 Cape of Good Hope, flora comparable to that 



of Baltic lowlands, i. 305. 

 Capercailzie. See Tetrao Urogallus. 

 Capillarity, and ascent of sap, i. 269, 270. 

 CapUlary action of porous cells in Leuco- 



bryum and Sphagnum, i. 220. 

 Capillitium, mode of action, ii. 812. 



— of Gasteromycetes, ii. 690. 



— of Myxomycetes, ii. 619. 



Capitate cell, glandular, of Aldrovandia, i. 

 153. 



— cells, secretory action in Pelargonium, &c., 



i. 229. 



— galls on Prunus, ii. 532. 



— hairs, advantage of, i. 230. 



excretionof, restrictive of transpiration, 



i. 312. 

 CapitiUa, of Helosis, i. 192. 

 Capitulum, i. 739. 



— l-flowered, i. 766. 



— prevalence, i. 745. 

 Caprification, ii. 160-162. 

 CaprifoliaccEe, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 325. 



— protogynous, ii. 312. 

 Caprifoliales, ii. 763. 

 Caproic acid, ii. 202. 

 CapseUa, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Capsella Bursa-pastoris, galls on, ii. 525. 



leaves and light, i. 410. 



Capsella pauciflora, stem, i. 656. 



Capsular envelope of spores in Floridese, ii. 



62. 



— fruits, ii. 431- 



Capsiile, inferior, dehiscence, ii. 79. 



— nature of, ii. 430. 



— of Bryaceje, ii. 702. 



— of Colchicum, ii. 729. 



— of Lathrsea aud Orobanche, i. 181. 



— of Marchantiacese, dehiscence, ii. 697 



— of Sphagnum cymbifolium, ii. 700. 



— restricted sense, ii. 432. 

 Capsule-gall, ii. 539. 



Capsules, seed protection and dispersal, ii. 



447. 

 Caragana, reserve buds, ii. 33. 

 Caragana microphylla, &c., stipular spines. 



Carbohydrate, conversion into albumen, i 



457. 

 Carbohydrates, conducting tissues for, i. 479. 



— formation of, i. 60, 456. 



— oxidation, i. 378, 495. 



— splitting up by Bacteria, i. 263. 

 Carbon, i. 258. 



— chemical properties, i. 452. 



— in albumen, i. 457. 



Carbonate of lime. See Calcium carbonate. 



Carbon- dioxide, i. 263. 



absorption by cell-wall, conversion into 



carbonic acid, i. 368. 



in air, i. 79. 



in nutrition, i. 60. 



Carbonic acid, i. 235. 



absorption by earth, &c., i. 83. 



conduction by aqueous tissue, i. 330. 



decomposition, i. 371, 455. 



elimlDation by roots, i. 88. 



evolution in fermentation, i. 506. 



factors controlling absorption, i. 60. 



food-gas, transmission, i. 367. 



in symbiosis of Hepaticse with Roti- 



fera. i. 255. 



in water, effect, ii. 499. 



reduction, and formation of carbohy- 

 drates, i. 378. 



source of, for hydrophytes, i. 260. 



source of, for lithophytes, &c., i. 61, 



sources of, i. 83. 



Cardamiue, colour-contrast in inflorescence, 

 ii. 193. 



— influence of gall-mites, ii. 550. 



— rhizome and light, i. 484. 

 Cardamine alpina, autogamy, ii. 335. 



food of grub of Pieris Callidice, ii. 



488. 

 Cardamine amara, anthocyanin, i. 522, 



habit and temperature, li. 503. 



Cardamine chenopodiifoha, cleistogamy, ii. 



393. 

 Cardamine hirsuta, facxiltative perennial, ii. 



453. 

 Cardamine impatiens, seed-dispersal, ii. 835. 

 Cardamine pratensis and cuckoo-spit, ii. 544. 



artificially induced drooping, ii. 123 



buds on leaves, ii. 41. 



epidermal roots, i. 766. 



flower, tetradynamia, ii. 292. 



hermaphrodite, ii. 296. 



root^ forming leaves, i. 772. 



Cardamine trifolia, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Cardamine uliginosa, gall-mites and flower 

 metamorphosis, ii. 548. 



vegetative propagation and its cause, ii. 



459. 

 Cardiospermum, tendrils, i, 694. 

 Cardopatium corymbosum, cotyledons in ger- 

 mination, i. 613. 



germination, i. 611. 



Carduus, hybrids, ii. 585. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 

 Carex, ii. 719. 



— hybrids in, ii. 583. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 136, 142. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— venation, i. 634. 



Cares acuta, and cattle, i. 440. 



Carex acutiformis, dichogamy and hybridiza- 

 tion, ii. 315. 



Carex aterrima and O. atrata, anthocyanin, 

 i. 522. 



Cares Boenninghausiana, hybrid of C. panicu- 

 lata X C. remota, ii. 586. 



Carex canescens, &c., dichogamyandhybriai- 

 zation, ii. 315. 



Carex curvula, habitat, i. 113. 



Carex Davalliana, &c., dioecious, ii. 299. 



Carex microglochin, hooked fruit, ii. 874. 



Carex paludosa, leaf section, i. 295. 



Carex pendula, protection of stomata fron^ 

 moisture, i. 295. 



Carex stricta, barbs, i. 439. 



protection of stomata from moisture, 



i. 294. 



