936 



INDEX. 



Carex stricta, social form, ii. 748. 

 Carex vulgaris, seedlings, i. 607. 

 Carica Papaya, enzyme, i. 465. 

 Carinthe minor, pollen-grains, ii. 97 

 CarUna, spiny leaves, i. 438. 

 Carlina acaulis, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



as hygrometer and weather -glass, ii. 



H7. 



coloured bract, ii. 183. 



opening and closing, ii, 116. 



— — pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protection of pollen, ii. 115, 117. 



temperature within capitulum, 1. 501. 



Carmichelia australis, cladodes, i. 335. 



Camiola, flora of, i. 6. 



Carnivorous plants, movements, i. 140. 



number of, classification of, i. 119. 



spinous structures in pitfalls, i. 124. 



with scale-like leaves, i. 135. 



Carob. See Ceratonia Siliqua. 

 Carolina Allspice. See Calycantkus. 

 Caroway. See Carum carvi. 

 Carpathians, plants of, i. 316. 

 Carpel, morphology, ii. 89. 



— of Cupressus, ii. 443. 

 Carpels, arrangement, &c., i. 642. 



— arrangement on receptacle, ii. 74. 



— foliaceous, ii. 83. 



— persistence, ii. 719. 



Carpenter Bee and Spartium scoparium, ii. 



267. 

 Carpet, type of community, ii. 889, 893. 

 Carpimis and gall-mites, ii. 529. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— defoUation slow, i. 361. 



— embryo-sacs, ii. 478. 



— pollen-storing and dispersion, ii. 148. 



— vernation, i. 350, 631. 

 Carpinus Betulus, ii. 759. 



and Exoascus Carpini, ii. 527. 



chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 433. 



height, i. 722. 



— ^- pocket-gaUs, ii. 532. 



Carpinus orientahs, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 



Carpium, definition, ii. 47. 



Carpophylla. See Carpels, 



Oarposporese, ii. 606. 



Carpospores, of Coleochsete, ii. 654. 



Carrion-beetles and Dracunculus Creticus, 

 &c., ii. 165. 



Carrion-flies, favourite colours and odours, 

 iL197. 



Carrot. See Daucus Ca/rota. 



Carthamus, preservation of colour in Egyptian 

 graves, 1 262. 



Carthamus tinctorius, demonstration of irri- 

 gation, i. 96. 



Carthusian, Pink. See Dianthus Carthusian- 

 orum. 



Cartilage, digestion of, by Pinguicula vul- 

 garis, i. 142. 



Carum carvi, achizocarp, ii. 427, 430. 



Caruncle, nature of, ii. 425. 



Oarya, mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



CaryophyllaceEe, ii. 196. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— autogamy in, ii. 335, 352, 355. 



— capsules, ii. 432, 



— carnivorous in minor degree, i. 155. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410, 



— crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



— cross-fertilization in, ii. 307. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298, 299. 



— floral envelopes, ii. 749, 



— gaU-mites and flower metamorphosis in, 



ii. 548. 



— heterostyly in, ii. 398. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— nectaries, ii. 175, 176, 



— nocturnal flowering, ii. 154. 



— pollen depositionin revolver-flowers, ii. 277. 

 ~- pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



CaryophyllaceEe, protandrous, ii. 312. 



— protandry and autogamy, ii, 336. 



— stigmatic surface in, ii. 281, 



— times of opening and closing, ii. 221. 

 Oaryophyllinse, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Caryopsis, nature of, ii. 429. 



— of Graminese, ii, 746, 

 Caryota, caudex, i. 714, 



— geographical distribution, ii. 740. 

 Caryota propinqua, i. 311. 



-^ — fate of specimen cultivated at Vienna, 

 i. 310. 



— — leaf-section, i. 312. 

 Casein, i. 458. 



Cashew-nut. Bee Anacardium occidentale. 

 Cassia angustifoha, pod, ii. 431. 

 Cassia lenitiva, stamen, ii. 91. 

 Cassiope tetragona, rolled leaves, i. 304 

 Cassytha, i. 182, 687 ; ii. 752. 



— affinities, i. 171. 



— geographical distribution, i. 171. 



— germination and mode of attack, i. 176. 



— parasitism, i. 171. 



— physiological roots of seedling, i. 750. 

 Castanea, cotyledons, i. 608. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— fertflization, porogamic, ii. 413. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Castanea sativa, thermal constants, i. 559, 



560. 

 Castanea vulgaris, age, i. 720. 



diameter, i. 722. 



fruit protection, ii. 442, 445. 



Castanospermum, seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 

 Casuarina, chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412, 



616. 

 Casuarina quadrivalvis, branch and cross 

 section, i. 299. 



protection of stomata from moisture, 



i. 298. 

 Casuarinese, Australian, switch-plants, i. 330, 



376. 



— chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 413. 



— cblorenchyma, and stomates, i, 332. 



— little shadow from, i. 336. 



Catalpa, opening and closing of stigma, ii. 281. 



— poUen deposition, ii. 280. 



Catalpa syringsefolia, thermal constants, i. 



559, 560. 

 Catananche, protection of poUen from rain, 



ii. 112. 

 Catananche coerulea, duration of blossoming, 



ii. 218. 

 Catapult>-fruits, ii. 840. 

 Catasetum, ii. 738. 



Catasetum tridentatum, discharge of pol- 

 linia, details, ii. 270. 



pollination, flower and parts, ii. 269. 



CaterpiUars and Cordyceps, ii. 680. 



— as hosts, i. 168. 



— hosts of EntomophthoresB, ii. 672. 



— protection against, ii. 445. 

 Cathartolinum, guides to honey, ii. 249. 

 Catingas, of Brazil, i. 356. 



Catkin, i. 739. 



Cat's-f oot. See Onaphalium dioicum. 



Cattle, anthrax in, i. 163. 



Cattleya, ii. 738. 



Cattleya labiata, duration of flowering, ii. 214. 



Caucalis daucoides, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii, 296. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Caucasus, plants of, i. 316. 

 Caudex, i. 655, 710. 



— characteristic examples, i. 712. 



— thorns and leaf-sheaths, i. 714. 

 Caulerpa, habit, species, &c., ii. 645. 



— structure and light, i. 388. 

 Caulescent Violas, cleistogaray, ii. 393. 

 Cauliflower, nature of, ii. 553. 

 Cauline buds, shoots, &c , ii. 28. 

 CauliB. See Stalk. 



Caulia herbaceus, i. 715. 

 Caulis suffruticoBus, i. 715. 

 Cauloma. See Caudex. 

 Caulomes, underground, of Saprophytes, and 

 food-absorption, i, 114. 



CaulotretuB, hosts of Rafflesiacese in Venez- 

 uela, i. 200. 



— undulation of stem, i. 735. 

 Cavanillesia tuberculata, Brazilian Catingas, 



1. 656. 

 Cavern Moss. See ScMetostega. 

 Cavities, grooves, &c., in leaves, for collection 



of water, i. 230. 

 Caylusea, ovary, ii. 75. 

 Cecidium, proposed application of term, IL 



528. 

 Cecidomyia, escape of larvse from galls, ii 



538. 



— gall-gnats, ii. 534, 



Cecidomyia Artemisiae, gall on Artemisia 



campestris, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Asperulse, galls on Asperula, ii. 



545. 

 Cecidomyia cerris, on leaf of Turkey Oak, ii 



534. 

 Cecidomyia crataegi, galls on Crataegus, ii 

 546. 



possibility of transmitting effects, ii 554. 



Cecidomyia "E^icse, galls on Erica, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Galii, galls on Galium, ii. 545. 

 Cecidomyia genisticola, galls on Genista 



tinctoria, ii. 546. 

 Cecidomyia Loti, bud-galls on Lotus comicu- 



latus, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia phyteumatis, bud-galls on Phy- 



teuma orbiculare, ii, 544. 

 Cecidomyia rosaria, cluster-galls on Salix, ii 



546. 

 Cecidomyia scopariae, ii, 547. 

 Cecidomyia Sisymhrii, galls on various Cru- 



ciferse, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia urtic^e, gall on nettle-leaf, ii. 534. 

 Cecidomyia Verbasci, bud-galls on Verbas- 



cum, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia Veronicse, galls on Veronica 



chamsedrys, ii. 546. 

 Cecidoses Eremita, escape of larva, ii. 539. 



galls on Duvana, ii. 534, 537. 



Cecropia peltata, myrmecophilous, ii, 233. 



Cedrela, seed appendages, ii, 424. 



Cedrela odorata, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cedrela Toona, ii. 423. 



Cedrus, ii. 721. 



Cedrus atlantica, ii. 725. 



Cedrus Beodara, Asia Minor, ii. 725. 



freezing, i. 546. 



Cedrus Libani, ii. 725. 



age and height, i. 722. 



Celandine. See CheUdonivm majits. 

 Celandine, Lesser. See Ranunculus ficaria. 

 Celastrineee, aril in, ii. 425. 

 Celastrus, Brazilian, capsule-gall, ii. 539. 

 Celastrus scandens, weaving stem, i 672. 

 Cell, laticiferous, i 470. 



— naked, unfortimate term, i, 26, 



— observations of Brown and Mohl (1830- 



1840), i 14. 



— original meaning, i, 22. 



— partition-wall, i 26. 



— shapes, i 374; cf. PI. I. 



— the, a minature chemical laboratory, i 16. 



— wall of, early views, i 23. 

 Cell-aggregates, various comparisons of, i. 27. 

 Cell-cavities, connecting passages between, 



i45. 

 Cell-chambers, i. 27- 

 Cell-complexes, sorts of, i. 586, 587. 

 CeU-contents, attraction of water by, i. 229. 

 Cell-division, i 573. 



details, i. 580 et seq. 



in Spirogyra, ii. 657. 



Cell-formation, free, nature of, i 575. 

 Cell-membrane, a sieve, i 57. 



assumed structure, i. 57. 



correct view of, i. 14. 



diffusion through, i 59. 



elastic, i 59. 



imbibition of water, i 58. 



modiflcations of, i 43. 



of Diatoms, i 40. 



penetrability of, i. 58. 



permeability in absorption-cells, i. 226. 



