938 



INDEX. 



Chara fragilis, structure and reproduction, 



ii. 660. 

 Chara rudis, great lime accumulator, i. 260. 

 Chara steliigera, starch stars, ii. 660. 

 CharaceEe, i. 424 ; ii. 606. 



— apical-cell, division, i. 578. 



— fossil, fruits, ii. 661. 



— lime deposition, strengthening, i. 425 



— structure and reproduction, ii. 659. 

 Characium, nature of, ii. 639. 

 Charales, ii. 659. 



Cheilanthus odora, rolling up of frond, i. 314. 

 Cheiraathus Cheiri, possible cause of doub- 

 ling, ii. 554. 



scent, ii. 201. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Chelidoninm, autogamy, ii. 341. 



— ovary, ii. 76. 



Chelidonium majus, caruncle, ii. 425. 



epiphyUous buds, ii. 43. 



latex, i. 470. 



Chemical affinity, i. 58. 

 Chenopodiaceee, ii. 468. 



— androecium, ii. 750. 



— embryo, ii. 422. 



— exstipulate, ii. 749. 

 Cheuopodium Bonus-Henricus, i. 450. 

 Chenopodium Quinoa, endosperm, ii. 750. 

 Cherleria sedoides, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Chermes, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 

 Chermes abietis, and gall formation, ii. 534, 



544, 551. 

 Cherry, Dwarf. See Prunits Chammcerasus. 



— protection, ii. 446. 

 Cherry-gum, source, i. 458. 

 Chervil. See ChcErophyllum. 

 Chestnut. See Castanea. 



Chickweed, common. See Stellaria media. 

 Chili Pine. See AraucaHa imbricata. 

 Chinese, and artificial crossing, ii. 555. 



— galls, ii. 535. 



— Primrose. See Primula sinensis. 



— Tree of Heaven. See Ailanthns glandu- 



losa. 

 Chirita sinensis, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 

 Chironomus and Aristolochia Clematitis, ii. 



244. 



— and Anmi Italicum, ii. 165. 

 ChitinouB Insects, protection against, ii. 237. 

 Chives. See A Ilium Schcenoprasum. 

 Chlamydomonadeaa, description, ii. 628. 

 Chlamydomonas, reproduction, ii. 629. 



— vacuoles of swarm-spore, i. 30. 

 Chlamydospore and teleutospore, ii. 684. 

 Chlamydospores, in Hemiasci, ii. 674. 



— nature of, ii. 685. 



— of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Hemibasidii, ii. 674. 



— of Mucor, ii. 673. 

 Chlorangium, life-cycle, ii. 636. 

 Chloranthy. See Antholysis. 

 Chlorenchyma, of switch-plants, i. 331. 



— transpiring tissue, i. 278. 

 Chlorine, i. 83. 



— in ash of plants, i. 66. 

 Chlorochytrium Lemnie, habitat, life-history, 



ii. 637. 

 Chlorophycese, ii. 606. 



— alliances of, ii. 620. 



— biological importance, 11. 627. 



— description, ii. 627. 



— reproduction, ii. 628. 

 Chlorophyll, i. 460. 



— absence not essential character of sapro- 



phytes, i. 103. 



— and depth of water, i. 387. 



— and light, i. 391 ; ii. 510. 



— distribution in mesophyll, i, 279. 



— fluorescence and function, i. 519. 



— in aerial roots, i. 754. 



— in Algoe, i. 375. 



— in cotyledons, i. 622. 



— in cotyledons and endosperm of Mistletoe, 



i. 206. 



— in relation to saprophytism, i. 102. 



— in roots, i. 766. 



~~ iron necessary for formation of, i. 67. 



Chlorophyll, modus operandi, i. 379. 



— presence in all members, i. 375. 



— properties, composition, ash, theories 



about, i. 372. 



— protection, i. 390. 

 Chlorophyll-corpuscles, action on carbonic 



acid, i. 60. 

 and decomposition ofcarbonicacid, &c., 



i. 63, 465, 371. 



and streaming protoplasm, i. 34. 



arrangement, i. 375. 



changes in autumn leaves, i. 486. 



composition and activity, i. 430. 



function, general considerations, i. 377. 



in motile protoplasts, i. 30. 



in protonema of Luminous Moss, i. 385. 



movements, i. 380. 



of Floridese, i. 390. 



protean properties, i. 381. 



shape, &c., i. 42, PL I. 



situation in cell, shape, multiplication, 



number, i. 371, 373. 



starch-grains in, i. 459. 



Chlorophytum comosum, vegetative propa- 

 gation, ii. 820. 

 Cholera, i. 162, 163, 265, 506. 

 Cholera Bacterium. See Spvrochcete choUrcB 



asiaticcB. 

 Ohondrilla, geitonogamy, ii. 319. 

 Chondrioderma difforme, life-history, i. 572. 

 Christiania, time of flowering, i, 518. 

 Chromatophore, behaviour in Mougeotiaceae, 

 ii. 658. 



— fate in male gamete of Spirogyra, ii. 658. 



— of Chlamydomonas, ii. 629. 



— of Hydrodictyon, ii. 640. 



— of Pediastnmi, ii. 639. 



— reduction in male gametes, ii, 633. 

 Chromatophores of Conjugatse, ii. 654. 



— of Desmids, ii. 655. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 



— of Spirogyra, ii. 654. 

 Chroococcaceae, as lichen-algse, ii. 692. 



— characteristic genera, ii. 621. 

 Chroococcus, alga of Cora, ii. 695. 

 Chroococcuscinnamomeus,brick-redpatches, 



i. 105. 



ChroolepidesB, symbionts of Lichens, dis- 

 persal, i. 246. 



Chrysanthemum and ancient crossing, i. 555. 



Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, effect of 

 mutilation, ii. 517. 



Ohrysobalanus, flower, ii. 293, 779. 



Chrysosplenium, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, 

 ii. 92. 



Chrysosplenium altemifolium, autogamy, ii. 

 379. 



Chytridese, microscopic parasites, i. 169. 



— selection of host, i. 171. 

 Chytridiacese, ii. 606, 668. 



— characters, ii. 671. 



— sporangia and spores, ii. 17. 

 Chytridium 011a, life-history, i. 170. 

 sporangia, &c., ii. 17. 



swarm-spore development, ii. 669. 



Cibotium, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Cicada and cuckoo-spit, ii. 490, 544. 

 Cichorium, protection of pollen, ii. 114. 

 Cichorium Intybus, latitude and closing, ii. 



217, 218. 

 Cicuta virosa, absorptive cells of, i. 91. 

 Cider, i. 507. 

 Cilia, fate of, i. 31. 



— of Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— of swarm-spores, ii. 17. 



— of Vaucheria clavata, i. 24. 



— sorts of, i. 29. 



— vibratUe, function of, i. 57, 

 Cilissa, sheltering in flowers, ii. 163. 

 Cimicifuga, colouredstamen-filaments.ii. 183, 



— nectaries, ii. 179. 

 Cimicifuga foetida, scent, ii. 202. 

 Cinchona, capsule, ii. 431. 



— seed, ii. 423. 

 Cincinnus, i. 738. 



CinclidotuB riparius, as mud-collector, 1. 

 267. 



Cinnamomum, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93i 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— venation, i. 629. 

 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, ii. 752. 

 Cinnamyl-alcohol, scent, ii. 200. 

 Cinnyridee, and transference of pollen, ii. 247. 

 Cinquefoil. See Potentilla. 



— Marsh. See Comarum palustre. 

 Cinquefoilfl, vernation, i. 350. 

 Circ£ea, pollen-grains, ii. 99, 101, 102, 

 Circsea alpina, absorptive ceDs and food- 

 absorption, i. 114. 



autogamy, ii. 343, 344. 



flower, ii. 236. 



fniit, ii. 343. 



habitat, i. 110. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 343. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



tubers, ii. 796- 



Circaea Lutetiana, hooked fruit, ii, 871. 

 Oircumnutation, nature of, i. 684. 

 Curhus foliaris, &c., i. 692, 694. 

 Cirsium, distribution of sexes, ii. 299. 



— hybrids, ii. 558, 585. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 



— variation in hybrids, ii. 593. 



Cirsium affine, vegetative propagation, ii. 

 459. 



Cirsium aquilonare, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium arvense, and bud-galls of Urophora 

 cardui, ii. 543. 



and Puccinia suaveolena, ii. 525. 



&c., scent, ii. 202. 



shade and growth, ii. 506, 



Cirsium Erisithales and C. palustre, hybrids, 

 u. 559. 



Cirsium heterophyllum and C. canum, two- 

 coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



and O. oleraceum, hybrid between, ii. 



459. 



and C. spinosissimum, hybrid from, ii. 



459. 



Cirsium Linkianum, ii. 560. 



Cirsium nemorale, i. 436. 



deciduous plumes, ii. 860. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cirsium ochroleucum, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium oleraceum and C. heterophyUum, 

 hybrids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium Fannonicum and 0. Erisithales, hy- 

 brids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium purpureum, vegetative propELgation, 

 ii. 458. 



Cirsium spinosissimum, i. 450. 



coloured bracts, ii. 183. 



Cirsium tataricum, hybrid of C. canum x C. 

 oleraceum, ii. 586. 



Cissus, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— host of Rafflesias, i. 200. 



— tendrils, i. 694, 697, 699. 



— plants, used as vegetable springs, i. 271. 

 Cissus Veitchii. See Vitis inconstans. 

 Cistus, {estivation, ii. 210. 



— conducting tissue for pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— duration of flowers, ii. 214. 



— hairs, i. 323. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— shrubs, hosts of Cytinus Hypocistus, i. 



204. 



— sticky forms, ii. 235. 



Cistus Olusii, &o., varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Cistus Creticus, opening and closing, ii. 212. 

 Cistus laurif olius, varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Citric acid, i. 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, i. 135. 



Citron, oil of, ii. 203. 



— of Florence. See Citrus medica. 



— scent, ii, 203. 



Citrus, buds on leaf-cuttings, ii. 43. 

 -hybrids, ii. 569. 



— receptacle, i. 746. 

 Citrus medica, ii, 569. 



