Caack-valves, bordered pits compared to. i 



277. 

 Cladode, i. 332. 333, 353. 



— prickly, i. 434. 



Cladouia, frutioose liohen, ii. 694. 



Cladonia coccifera, ii. 694. 



Oladonia furcata and Protococcus i 245 



693. 

 Cladonia macilenta, PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladonia pyxidata, PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladonia rangiferina, PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladophora, continual cell-division, 1. 581. 



— life-history, ii. 651. 



— reticular, i. 586, 



— wide distribution, ii. 651. 

 CladophoraceaB, characteristic features, ii 



651. 

 Oladrastis lutea, scent, ii. 201. 

 Clamp-cells, of Orchid roots, i. 220. 

 Clandestina, nectary, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Clandestina rectlflora, geitonogamy. ii. 331. 

 Clarkia, viscin of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Clarkia pulcheUa, abortive stamens, ii. 294. 

 Clary, Wild, Salvia Verbenaca, aection of 



petiole, i. 22- 

 Classification and evolution of plants, ii. 607. 



— basis of, i. 6. 



— early methods, ii. 600. 



— of De Jussieu (1789) and De CandoUe (1813), 



1.15; ii. 602, 603. 



— of galls, ii. 528. 



— of plants, basis of Linnean System, ii. 86. 



— outline of, ii. 617. 



— principles of, i. 15. 

 Clathrocystis, habitat, ii. 621. 

 Clathrus, gleba, ii. 691. 

 Clathms cancellatus, ii. 690. 

 Clatroptychium, i. 573. 

 Clavaria, spore-formation, ii. 20. 



— Btructure, i. 589. 



Clavaria aurea, i. 112; ii. 21, 685, 688. 

 Clavaria inaequalis, ii. 688. 

 Clavariffl, hymeuiuna, ii. 688. 

 Claviceps, ii. 680. 



— aaci and ascospores, ii. 19, 680. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 827. 

 Claviceps purpurea, ii. 680. 



localized attack, i. 168. 



spore-dispersal, i. 461. 



Claw, of petal, ii. 87. 



Clay, i. 83. 



Claytonia perfoliata, autogamy, ii. 365 

 Cleavage planes and striae, i. 568. 

 Cleistogamous flowers and habitat, ii. 394. 



characteristics, ii. 392. 



Cleistogamy, nature of, ii. 391. 

 Clematis, forced shoot, i. 564. 



— liane-like, i. 670. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— tendrils, i. 692, 694. 



Clematis Flammula, plumed achenes, ii. 858. 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis integrifoha, autogamy, ii. 349. 



protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



Clematis recta, pocket^galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis Vitalha, nectarless, ii. 167. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Cleome cm ithopo diodes, carnivorous in 

 minor degree, i, 156. 



sticky foliage, ii. 236. 



OlerodendroQ fistulosum, myrmecophilous, 

 ii. 233. 



Clerodendron sanguineum, colour-contrast 

 in flower, ii. 191. 



Clianthus Dampieri, Australian, leaf, diur- 

 nal positions, i. 534. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



Clianthus punieeus, propagation by leaf- 

 cuttings, ii. 41. 



Climate and distribution, ii. 1, 879. 



— and opening and closing of anthers, ii. 124. 



— and protection of pollen from wet, ii. 106. 



— effect on fall of leaf, i. 355. 



— in relation to hairiness, i. 319. 



— negative in origin of species, ii. 594. 



INDEX. 



Climatic conditions and flower-production, 

 ii. 474. 



great variability of, correlation of plant 



structure to, i. 284. 

 Climatology and plant development, i. 564. 

 cumbers, perennial, mechanical tissue, i. 733. 

 Climbing aroids, ii. 744. 

 Olimbiog hooks of Hop, i. 688. 

 Climbing Palm. See Desmoncits. 

 Climbing Palma, ii. 741. 



height, &c., ii. 740. 



Climbing plants and lateral pressure, i. 475. 



formerly held to be parasites, i. 159. 



leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



CHmbiug stem, application of term, i. 671. 



characteristics, i. 700. 



Climbing stems, transitional condition, i. 708. 

 Clinging fruits, ii. 867. 



Clinging roots, mechanical adaptation, i. 762. 

 Clinopodium vulgare, distribution of sexes, 



ii. 300. 

 Clip-mechanism, of Asclepiad poUinia, ii 



258. 

 Clivia, ii. 734. 

 Olivia nobilis, vitality of spermatoplaam, ii 



96. 

 Clock, floral, of Linnseus, ii. 215. 

 Closterium, PI. I., ii. 55. 



— movement, ii. 654. 



— swarming granules in, PI. L, i. 35. 

 Closterium Lunula, i 35 ; ii. 492, 655. 

 Cloudberry. See Rubus Chammmorus. 

 Clover. See Trifolium. 

 Clover-Dodder. See Cuscuta Tri/oUi. 

 Cloves, oil of, ii. 200. 



— origin of, ii. 782. 

 Clove-scent, ii. 201. 



Club-moss, Alpine. See Lycopodium al- 



pinum. 

 Club-mosses, description, ii. 713. 

 Club-tops. See Clavarice, 

 Clusia alba, lattice formation, i. 680. 



root-hairs and earth particles, i. 87. 



Clusia rosea, recently considered a vampire, 



i. 159. 

 Clusiacese, lattice formation, i. 678, 681. 



— roots, i. 756, 761. 



Clusius, a Belgian, first travelling botanist, 

 i. 5. 



— Historiae Plantarum, ii. 1. 



— system of classification, ii. 601. 

 Cluster-gall, ii. 542, 545. 



Clypeola Messanensis, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Coat, of ovule, i. 644. 



Cobsea, pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Cohffia scandens, autogamy, ii. 384. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 304. 



flower, ii. 240. 



flower and autogamy, ii. 385. 



pollen -grains, ii. 98, 100, 102, 127. 



tendril, i. 697. 



Cobalt, in dust, i. 81. 



Cocain, i. 462. 



Coccocarpia molybdiea, ii. 693. 



structure, i. 245. 



Coccolobaplatyclada, Solomon Islands, i, 334. 



Cocconema Cistula, ii. 626. 



Cochlearia Armoracia, heterogamy advan- 

 tageous, ii. 578. 



Cochlearia fenestralis, Siberia, cold resist- 

 ance, i. 543. 



Cochlearia Greenlandica, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Cochlearia o0cinalis, cold resistance, i. 543. 



Cock's-foot Grass. See Dactylis. 



Cock's-tail Alga. See Spiropkyton. 



Cocoa-nut, Double, ii. 740. 



Cocoa-nut Palm. See Cocos nuci/era. 



Cocos nucifera, dimensions, i. 712; ii. 451. 



CodiacesB, characteristics of thallus in, ii. 645. 



Codium, colonies, i. 585. 



Codium tomentosum, British, ii. 646. 



Ccelanthe, autogamy in, ii. 372. 



Ccelebogyne ilicif olia, parthenogenesis, ii. 466. 



Ccelenterates and Pleurococcacese, ii. 637. 



Coelohlastese, ii. 606. 



CoeloglosBum and Orchis, hybridization, ii. 

 583. 



939 



Ocelogyne plantaginea, ovarian hairs, ii. 81. 



ovary, ii. 83. 



Coenobe, of Volvox, ii. 635. 



Coffea, embryo, cotyledons, i. 600. 



Cohesion, i. 58. 



Cohn, classification of Thallophytes, ii. 606. 



Cohort, of Braun, ii. 605. 



— subdivision of class, ii. 617. 

 Oolchicacese, characteristics, ii, 730. 

 Colchicum, autogamy, ii. 372. 



— extrorse anthers, ii. 95. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— protection of poUen from rain, il. 112. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— styles, i. 645. 

 Colchicum autumnale, ii. 729. 



autogamy and heterosbylism, ii. 374, 



— — depth of corms, i. 552. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



odourless, i. 431. 



opening of flowers and growth, ii. 220. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



starch, i. 469, 



Cold, effect on various plants, i. 543. 

 Coleochsete, cilia of, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 653. 



— relationship to Plorideee, ii. 654. 

 Coleochseteae, ii, 606. 



— as Lichen-algae, ii. 693. 

 Coleosporium senecionis, heteroecism, ii. 686. 

 Coleus, and cold, i. 545. 



Collective and aggregate fruits, ii. 437- 

 Collective fruit, ii. 436, 438. 

 Collema, distribution of alga in, ii. 694. 

 Collema pulposum, ii. 694. 



a gelatinous Lichen, surface view and 



section, i. 244. 

 CollemaccEe, nutrition, i. 81. 

 Collenchyma, in perennial twining stems, i. 

 733. 



— nature and properties, i. 231, 726. 

 Colletia, leaves and phylloclades, i. 334, 335. 



434. 

 Collinsonia Canadensis, autogamy, ii. 350. 

 Collomia, seed-cement, i. 615. 



— seed-dispersal, ii. 838. 



Colocasia, arrangement of foliage-leaves, i. 



93. 

 Colocasia antiquorum, inflorescence, &c., ii. 



742. 

 Colonies of plants, isolated, examples, i. 528. 

 Colony, appUcation of term, i. 585. 

 Colom- and elevation, ii. 511. 



— of hybrids, ii. 566. 



— of water, i. 388. 



Colour-contrast in flowers, ii. 184, 189, 190, 



191, 193. 

 Coloured fruits and seeds, ii. 865. 

 Columella, in Anthocerotacete, ii 698. 



— of Moss-capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Splachnum, ii. 703. 



Column, marble, near Castle of Ambras, 



Lichens on, i. 247. 

 Column of Epipogiura aphyllum, ii. 226. 



— of Orchid as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— of Orchid ovary, ii. 253. 



— of PhalEenopsis Schilleriana, ii. 227. 

 Columniferse, of Braun, ii. 605. 



Colutea arborescens, isolated colonies, i. 



528. 

 Comarum palustre, colour of sepals, ii. 183. 



creeping stem, i. 662. 



Combined girders, of stems, i. 728- 

 Comfrey. See Sympkytum. 

 Comma-bacillus, of cholera, i. 163. 

 Commelyna coelestis, autogamy, ii. 357. 

 Commelynaceas, calcium oxalate crystals, L 



570. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 

 Compass plants, i, 337. 



Complexity and higher development, ii. 598. 

 Compositse, ii, 599, 765. 



— absorbent leaf-teeth, i. 238. 



— eestivation in, ii. 210. 



— as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— autogamy in, ii. 359, 363, 372. 



