INDEX. 



947 



EuphorWacese, phyllocladous, i. 334. 



— spines, i. 446. 



— staminal filaments, ii. 88. 



— stiuging hairs, i. 441. 



Buphrasia, abundance in mountainous dis- 

 tricts, i. 178. 



— geographical distribution, i. 176. 



— injury to pastures, i. 179. 



— parasitic, i. 176, 243. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii 110. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Euphrasia minima, autogamy, ii. 253, 351. 



Euphrasia officinalis, sheltering of pollen, Ii. 

 109. 



Euphrasia Rostkoviana, &c., corolla and auto- 

 gamy, ii. 366. 



Euiiops, pericarp mucilf^e, i. 615. 



European lianas, i. 670. 



Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



— fermentative action, i. 508. 



— mycelium and reproductive organs, ii. 679. 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 

 tion, flowering, i. 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, in plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



Evax, hairiness, i. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergreens, caticle usually thick, i. 310. 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



— of plants and classification, ii. 607. 

 Ex-albmninous, applied to seed, ii. 421. 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Rose, 

 i. 232. 



— from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of caryophyUaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia, appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii. 600. 

 Exoascacese, description, ii. 676. 

 Exoascus Alni-incanse, galls, ii. 523. 

 ExoascuB amentorum. See E. Alni-incance. 

 Exoascus Carpini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 Exoascus Cerasi, and Prunus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformans, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alnus incana, ii. 



527. 

 Exoascus insititise on Prunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, ii. 524, 676. 

 Exoascus turgidus, and Betula verrucosa, ii. 



527. 

 Exobasideae, hosts, ii. 688. 



— hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Exobasidium, gall-formation, ii. 519. 

 Exobasidium Lauri, ii. 521, 688. 

 Exobasidium Rhododendri, ii. 688. 

 Exobasidium jVaccinii, ii- 526, 688. 



gall-formation, ii. 520. 



Exocarpus, switch-plant, i. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of, ii. 647. 

 Exogenae, of De Candolle, ii. 603. 

 Exosmosis. See Osmosis. 



Exostemma longiflorum, flowers after pol- 

 lination, ii. 222. 

 Exothecium, of anther, ii. 94. 

 Experiments, cultural, difficulties of, ii. 513. 



— questions addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for pollen dispersal, ii. 



260, 264, 265, 266, 267. 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Expidsive-fruits, range of, ii. 839. 

 Extinction, incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anthers, ii. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Euphrasia. 

 Eye-spot, of Chlamydomonas, function, ii. 



629. 



— of spermatozoid, ii. 52. 

 Eye-spots, of Volvox, ii. 635 



Eyes", leaf characteristics of shoots from, 

 ii. 516. 

 — of potato, i. 651. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagus, i. 263; ii, 761. 



— and galls of Hormomyia fagi, ii. 537. 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— ash of leaves from different localities, i. 



69. 



— avoided by Mistletoe, i. 205. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii, 434. 



— effect of grazing animals, i. 445. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 



— host of Pilacre, ii. 687. 



— hybrids of, ii. 583. 



— mite-galls, ii. 529. 



— phyUotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynous, ii, 313. 



— root-tip with mycelial mantle, i. 250. 

 Fagus sylvatica, cotyledons, i. 621. 



deciduous hairs, i. 354. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fohage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, i. 353. 



liberation of cotyledons, i. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515, 



vernation, i. 350. 



vertical range, i. 527. 



Fairy rings, ii- 792. 



Falcaria ravini, periodically pendulous 



umbels, i. 530. 

 Fall of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars, See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See Amorpha. 

 Families, mutual relationships, ii. 605. 



— of flowering plants, number, ii, 604. 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, U. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433 ; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, ii. 549. 

 Fascicle, i. 738. 

 Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, i. 216. 



— vegetable, functions and composition, 



i. 462. 

 Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463, 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, i, 169. 

 Feather-foil, See HoUonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stiva capillata. 

 Feather-grasses on a Russian Steppe, PI, 



VI. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740, 

 Fegatella, receptacles, ii. 697. 

 " Fel de terra", i.e. earth-gall, native name 



of Lophophytum mirabile tubers, i. 196, 

 Felspar, i. 80, 83. 



— attacked by lichens, i. 257, 

 Felt, of hairs, i. 324, 



— type of community, ii. 889, 894. 

 Felt>galls, ii. 528, 529. 

 Felt-hairs, and animals, i. 442. 

 Felt-like mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i. 249. 

 Fennel. See Fceniculum. 

 Fenugreek. See Trigonella fcenum-grmcum. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i. 509, 

 of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— of Pinguicula, action on milk, i. 142, 143. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 

 Fermentation, alcoholic, i. 506. 



— and enzymes, i. 464, 



— and Moulds, i. 507, 



— and respiration, mutual replacement, i. 



509. 



— and Saccharomyces, ii. 684. 



— by Bacteria, i. 623. 



— nature of, i. 505 ; ii. 519, 

 Ferment-fungi, 1. 505. 



Ferments, nature, function, &c., i. 464. 

 Fern, life-cycle, ii. 476. 



— life-history, ii. 708. 



— youpg sporophyte, ii. 472. 

 Fern-leaves, membranous scales, i. 355. 

 Fem-prothaUium, i. 88, 384; ii. 67, 472, 708, 

 Ferns, ii. 61. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 472. 



— amphigonium, U. 67. 



— antheridia, ii. 67. 



— apical cell, i. 579. 



— as saprophytes, i. 100. 



— buds on fronds, ii. 39, 



— certain, which roll up their leaves, i, 314. 



— climate and distribution, ii. 457. 



— effect of strong light, i. 391, 



— fertilization, ii. 71, 475. 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— fronds and light, i. 413 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habitats, ii. 705. 

 ~ hybrids among, ii. 582. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— on ground of woods, i. 109. 



— on trees, i, 106. 



— Palaeozoic, ii. 612. 



— propagation by offshoots, ii. 458, 

 historical review, ii. 8. 



— rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, i. 168, 



— rolling of yoimg fronds, i. 348. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108, 



— scent, ii. 615. 



— son, ii. 11. 



— spore formation, ii. 10. 



— sporophyte, ii. 704. 



— stem, varieties of, ii. 476. 



— two generations distinct, ii. 474. 



— various, ii. 707- 



— wax on fronds, i. 292. 

 Ferraria, equitant leaves, i. 336. 

 Fertilization, ii. 415. 



— and mucilage in Ferns, ii. 68. 



— and order of blossoming, i. 739. 



— and origin of species, ii. 594. 



— and pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



— changes initiated by, ii. 422. 



— conditions in Phanerogams, ii. 72. 



— essence of process, ii. 46. 



— essential difference between Cryptogams 

 and Phanerogams, ii. 418. 



— in Ferns, ii. 475. 



— in FloridesB, ii. 60. 



— in Helianthemum marifolium, ii. 411. 



— in Marsilia, Salvinia, and Selaginella, ii. 

 69. 



— in Moulds, doubted, ii. 677. 



— in Muscineae, ii. 65. 



— in Peronosporese, ii. 669. 



— in Phanerogamia, ii. 717. 



— of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



— of Orchids, by Darwin, ii. 738. 



— resemblance in Muscinese and Characese, 

 ii. 66. 



— twelve typical processes, ii. 48. 



— unsolved problems, ii. 415. 

 Fertilizing-tube of Peronosporeae, ii. 56. 



of Saprolegniacese, ii. 484. 



Ferula, flowering, i. 745. 

 Ferulago, geitonogamy, ii. 325. 

 Fescue-grasses. See Festuca. 

 Festuca, ii. 746. 



— and Lolium, hybridization, ii. 583. 



— leaf -closing, i. 340. 



— poUinatiou, ii. 142. 



— stomata, i. 340. 



— vascular bundles of leaf, i. 343. 

 Festuca alpestris and cattle, i. 436. 



leaf, section, i. 342. 



Festuca alpina, bulbils, ii. 454. 

 Festuca arundinacea, barbs, i. 439- 

 Festuca nigrescens, anthocyanin in glumes, 



i. 522. 

 Festuca Porcii, leaf, section, i. 343. 

 Festuca punctoria, leaf, section, i. 345- 

 stomata on upper leaf-surface, localiza- 

 tion of wax, i. 292. 

 Festuca rupicaprina, bulbils, ii. 454. 



