948 



INDEX. 



Festuca vaginata, i. PI. VI. 



Featucas, poisonous, i. 341. 



Fibres, fleshy, of seedling Orobanche, i. 185. 



Fibrils, nuclear, i. 581. 



Fibrin, i. 468. 



Fibrous bark, i. 720. 



— layer, of anther, ii. 96. 

 Ficacese, ii. 758. 

 Ficoidales, ii. 787. 

 Ficus, i. 193. 



— buds on aerial roots, ii. 28. 



— clasping roots, i. 702, 705- 



— clinging roots, i. 754. 



— flowers, ii. 159. 



— formerly considered parasitic, i. 159. 



— from chalk, ii. 613. 



— gall-flowers, ii. 160. 



— Indian species, climbing peculiarities, i. 



709. 



— inflorescence, receptacle and fruit-forma- 



tion, ii. 435. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— latex, i. 470. 



— lattice-forming climbing roots, i. 711. 



— number of species, ii. 162. 



— pistil, ii. 160. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97, 102. 



— protective stipules, i. 626. 



— relation to insects, ii. 159, 162. 



— roots form living bridges, ii. 758, 760, 



— synconium, ii. 159. 



Ficus Benjamina, incrusting climbing roots, 



i. 707. 

 Ficus carica and Blastophaga grossorum, ii. 

 It31, 540. 



gall-flowers, ii. 157. 



inflorescences, ii. 157. 



Ficus elastica, i. 755. 



inflorescence, ii. 160. 



roots, i. 756. 



Ficus Indica, stem and roots, i. 755. 

 Ficus nitida, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus pumila, flowers, ii. 157. 

 Ficus religiosa, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus scandens, leaf-mosaic, i. 420. 



unsym metrical, unequal leaves, i. 422. 



Ficus stipulata, climbing roots, i. 702. 



foliage, i. 708. 



Field-mice and plants, i. 763. 



I^eld Pansy. See Viola arvensis. 



Fig. See Ficiis. 



Figwort. See ScrophvlaHa. 



Filago, hairiness, i. 317, 



Filago mixta and other hybrids, ii. 585. 



Filament of ovule, i. 644. 



— of stamen, 1 642; ii. 86, 88. 

 Filamentous cell-complex, i. 586. 

 Filaments,protoplasniic, in Lathnea capitate- 

 cells, i. 136. 



prey capturing, i. 135. 



Filamentum, i. 642. 



Filices. See Fenis. 



Filmy Ferns. See Hymenophyllacem. 



Filtration of food-sap, from cell to cell, i. 270. 



"Fingers and Toes", cause of, ii. 522. 



Fir - tree, wood perforated by sinkers of 



Mistletoe, i. 209. 

 Fir-trees, curvature of branches, i. 416. 

 Firs. See Ahits and Picea. 

 Firs and Birches, struggle for existence, ii. 



514. 



— vertical range, i. 527. 

 Fission-fungi. See Schizomycetes. 

 Fissured bark, i. 720. 



Fistular leaf, i. 428. 



Flagella of Chlamydomonas, ii. 629. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii 625. 

 Flagellaria Indica, tendrils, i. 692. 

 Flamingo Plant. See Anthwriimi Scher- 



zeHanum. 



Fleabane. See Inula. 



Flecking, white, of leaves, cause of appear- 

 ance, i. 285. 



Flies and Empusa Muscte, i. 168; ii. 672. 



~ and finely-marked petals, ii. 131. 



— and indoloid scents, ii. 207. 



— and scroll-galls, ii. 530. 



Flinty armour, i. 323. 



Floatation of fruits, ii. 847. 



Floating contrivances, i. 638. 



Flora, application of term by Lirmieus, i. 6. 



— Arctic, general absence of hairs, i. 316. 



— of north coast of Africa, spinose, i. 434. 



— of Spain, spinose, i. 434. 



— scope of term, iL 1. 



— why rich in rock-cracks, i. 109. 



Flora derProvinz Brandenburg, Ascherson's 



& Braun's system, ii. 605. 

 Floral Biology, treatise by Loew, ii. 399. 

 Floral clock, Linnreus's, ii. 215. 

 Floral leaves, i. 597. 



and fungal parasites, ii. 524. 



arrangement, ii. 73. 



division of labour, i. 645. 



nature and succession, i. 640. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



Floral receptacle, meaning, i. 736, 746. 



— stem, adaptation to fimction, i. 749 



nature and parts, i. 736. 



Floras, ii. S85. 



— migration of range, ii. 592. 



— of Lapland, Sweden, England, Piedmont, 



Oamiola, Austria, &c., 18th century, i. 8. 



— the chief, enumerated, ii. 898. 



Florets, of Compositae, protection of pollen, 



ii. 116. 

 Florideie, i. 161, 169, 246; ii. 606. 620. 



— absence of wood and stomata, i. 284. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 481. 



— as epiphytes, i. 77. 



— behaviour in distilled water, 1. 78. 



— favourite habitat, i. 105. 



— fertilization and fruit-formation, i. 53, 61. 



— fossil remains, ii. 614. 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habits, i. 587. 



— luminosity, i. 388. 



— pigment, i. 388. 



— range, i. 390. 



— seasonal development, i. 563. 



— " sporangia" and spore-formation, ii. 22. 



— structure, i. 590. 



— tetraspores, ii. 24. 

 Flower, actinomorphic, ii. 229. 



— application of term, i. 640. 



— double, ii. 80. 



— duties of, ii. 717. 



— female, of Cupressus, ii. 443. 



of Juniperus, ii. 442. 



of Pinus Pumilio, ii. 722. 



— largest in world, i. 202. 



— lateral, i. 641. 



— of Rafflesia Padma, i. 203. 



— of ScybaUum fungiforme, i. 189. 



— protandrous, ii. 307- 



— protogynous, ii. 307- 



— size and autogamy, ii. 396. 



— temperature variation, i. 502. 



— terminal, i. 641. 



— zygomorphic, ii. 229. 

 Flower-buds, respiratory heat, i. 498. 

 " Flower-dust ", ii. 85. 



"Flower fldelity " of insects, ii. 206. 

 Flower-opening, thermal constants, i. 559. 

 Flower-production and climatic conditions, 



ii. 474. 

 Flower-stalk, in fruit formation, ii. 435. 



origin, &c.,i. 736. 



tendrils, i. 693. 



Flowering and elevation, i. 526. 



— and sunshine, ii. 474. 



— premature, caused by parasitic fimgi, ii, 



525. 



— table of dates, i. 519. 



Flowering Ash. See Fraxinus Oimus. 

 Flowering axes, protective waxy coatings, ii. 



237. 

 Flowering Fern. See Osmunda regalis. 

 "Flowering F\mgi", applied to Phalloidete, 



ii. 691. 

 Flowering-rush. See Btitomii^. 

 Flowers, alpine, colour of, ii. 198. 



— and animal visits, ii. 153. 



— and insects, i. 745. 



Flowers as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— behaviour of perianth-leaves after fertili- 



zation, ii. 222. 



— cause of opening, ii. 219. 



— change of colour, i. 376. 



— classification according to sex, ii. 295. 



— deistogamio, ii. 391, 392, 



— closing, ii. 215. 



— colour, ii. 182. 



— colour-contrasts, ii. 184, 189. 



— cross-fertilization, ii. 300. 



— double, and vegetative propagation, ii. 459. 

 long fresh, ii. 287. 



— duration, ii. 214. 



— ephemeral, ii. 212. 



— gradations from hermaphrodite to uni- 



sexual, ii. 295. 



— heterostyled, ii. 302. 



— honey secreting, ii. 171. 



— imprisonment of insects, ii. 164. 



— incompletely dichogamous, ii. 309. 



— metamorphoses through gall-mites, ii. 548. 



— mutual accommodation, i. 743. 



— of Mosses, ii. 702. 



— of Orobanche, i. 183. 



— opening and closing, ii. 116, 212, 215. 



— pendent, and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— periodic hending, i. 531. 



movements and protection of pollen, ii. 



120. 



— preservation through dryness, i. 262. 



— protection against snails and alngs, ii. 



238. 



by sticky glands, ii. 236. 



from loss of heat, i. 529. 



— seasonal colour-curves, ii. 197. 



— size, ii. 185. 



and temperature, ii. 503. 



— structural correlation to insects, ii. 152. 



— temperature within, i. 500. 

 Flowers of Tan. See Fuligo various. 

 "Flowers of the Sea", gas-vacuoles, i. 389; 



ii. 621, 622. 

 Fluorescence, of chlorophyll solution, i. 372. 



— of erythrophyU, i. 388. 

 Fluorescing pigments, of plants, i. 379. 

 Fluorine, in plants, i. 68. 

 Fluviales, general characters, ii. 738. 

 Fly-agaric. See Agaricus imiscaHus. 

 Fly-catcher. See Drosophyllum lusitanicum. 

 Fly-trap. See Dionisa. 



Foeniculum, folitige, i. 413. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 325. 



Foeniculum aromaticum, schizocarp, ii. 427- 



Ft)hn-wind, velocity, i. 525. 



Folding, of grass-leaves, i. 341, 342, 343, 345. 



— of Moss-leaves, i. 346. 

 Foha connata, i. 596. 



— decurrentia, i. 596. 



— perfoUata, i. 596. 



— sessilia, i. 595. 

 Foliaceous carpels, ii. 83. 



— Lichens, i. 245; U. 694. 

 Foliage, sticky, ii. 236. 



— variety, cause of, i. 396. 



— wrinkled and grooved, i. 326. 



— young, and frost, i. 545. 



sensitiveness, i. 639. 



Folii^e-leaf, variety of fimctions, i. 627. 

 Foliage-leaves, i. 597. 



position in relation to absorbent roots, 



i. 92. 



position relatively to horizon, i. 92. 



transitions from water-catching to 



animal-catching, i. 167. 

 Foliage-production, thermal constauts, i. 



559. 

 Foliage-stem, i. 650, 655, 660, 710. 

 Foliar structures, ideas of origin, i. 8. 

 Folium=leaf=leaf-blade, 1. 596. 

 Folium fulcrans, i. 641. 

 FoUicle, nature of, ii. 430. 

 Fontanesia, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 

 Fontanesia jasminoides, freezing, i. 546. 

 Fontinalis, aquatic Moss, ii. 704. 

 Food, conduction of, i. 269. 



— selective absorption by Fungi, i. 166, 167. 



