INDEX. 



949 



Food-absorption, by coral-like and tuberous 



caulomes, i. 114. 



by Mildews, i. 166. 



by water, marsh, &c., plants, i. 75. 



general consideration of, i. 55. 



movements related to, i. 56. 



of Monotropa, i. 253. 



osmosis in, i. 59. 



similarity of, in Moulds, Toad-atools, 



and Discomycetes, i. 163. 



theory of, i. 57. 



Food-gases, transmission, i. 367. 

 Food-material, gaseous, i. 367. 



nltimate destination, i. 371. 



Food-salts, absorption by water-plants, i. 78. 



absorption of, i. 67. 



accumulation in uppermost layers of 



earth, through action of plants, 1. 259. 



application of term, i. 66. 



cause of movement, L 72. 



conduction, i. 513. 



dilute solutions best, i. 73. 



examples of selection by plants, i. 69. 



in liquid of water-receptacles, i. 242. 



raw, mechanics of moTement, i. 269. 



theory of absorption, i. 85. 



transport, i. 366. 



Foot, of Acetabularia, ii. 647. 



— of Liverwort sporophyte, ii. 696. 



— of young Fern sporophyte, ii. 475. 

 Force, due to growth and ice formation, i. 



517. 



— of growing ceils, i. 513. 

 Forcing, of plants, i. 564. 

 Foreign pollen and stigma, ii. 404. 

 Forest flowers, characteristics. L 655. 

 Forests, type of community, ii. 887, 892. 

 Forget-me-not. See Myosotis. 

 Fork-mosses, "WTiite leaved. S>ee Leueobryum. 

 Form, in plants, on what it depends, i. 50. 

 Formic acid, L 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, L 135. 



in stinging l^irs, L 441. 



offensive weapon of ants, ii. 233. 



Formic aldehyde, formation in assimilation. 



1456. 

 Formica exsecta, protection of Serratula, ii. 



242. 

 Forsythia viridissima, Japan, reserve-buds, 



iL32. 



1 Palms, ii. 742. 



— plants, agents in preservation, ii. 612. 



ancestors of modem plants, ii. 595 



and modem distribution, iL 2. 



— Mosses, occmrence, iL 704. 



— Myxomycetes, ii. 619. 



— Vascular Cryptogams, cause of preserva- 



tion, iL 612. 

 Fossores and Asclepiads, ii. 258. 

 Foster, discoverer of Balanophora fungosa, 



L190. 

 Foster-parent, selection of, by Orobancheae, 



L185. 

 Foster-root, of Lophophytum, L 194. 

 Foster-soil, on trees, L 106. 

 Fonrcroya, iL 734. 



— cohering poUen-grains, ii. 97. 

 Foxglove. See Digitalis. 



— force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 

 Fox-tail Grass. See Alopecurus. 

 Fragaria, L 708. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— persistent receptacle, ii. 435. 



— procnmbent, L 661. 

 pull of roots, L 767. 



— runner, L 664. 



— specific scents, iL 488. 



Fragaria grandiflora, runner section, L 735. 

 Fr^aria vesca, fruit-ripening constant, L 559. 



vegetative propagation, ii. 801. 



Fragillaria virescens, iL 626. 

 Fragr?eaobovata, latticeonpalm-stem,! 681. 



supjwrting roots, structure, L 761. 



France, South-west, plants with evergreen 



roUed leaves, i. 306. 

 Francisia eximia, leaf section, L 279, 285. 

 Frangulinse, of Brann, iL 605. 



Frankenia, habitat, extreme aridity of, L 237. 



— salt on leaves and stem, i. 236. 

 Frankia Alni, gsill on Alnus roots, ii. 521. 

 Fraxinella. See Dictamnus fraxineUa. 

 Frasinua, arrangement of foliage-leaves, i. 92. 



— bark, i. 720. 



— bud-scales, L 626. 



— flowering, ii. 150. 



— leaf, grooved rachis, i. 232- 

 section, i. 232. 



peltate group of cells, L 232. 



— pollarding, ii. 37. 



— pollination, ii. 138. 

 Fraxinus excelsior, i^e, L 722. 



and gall of Biplosis Cotularia, ii. 534. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



&c., fasciation, ii. 549. 



fruit and seed, ii. 428. 



inflorescences and flowers, ii. 138. 



protogsmous, iL 312. 



Fraxinus nana, callus, iL 30. 



Fraxinus omus, imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



scent, iL 200. 



Free cell-formation, nature of, i. 575. 

 Freezing of plants, L 539. 

 modern views, i. 540. 



— protection from, i. 546. 



— theoretical considerations, i. 556. 

 Fritillaria and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— autogamy, ii. 332. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— nectaries, ii. 177. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— waxy coating, ii. 237. 



Fritillaria cirrhosa, fee, tendrils, L 692. 

 Fritillaria imperialis, iL 731. 



anther, iL 90. 



bulb scales, L 624. 



hermaphrodite and staminate flowers, 



ii. 297. 

 Fritillaria meleagris, duration of flowering, 



iL 213. 

 Frogbit. See Sydrocharis. 

 Frond, of Feru, characteristics, ii. 705. 



morphological value, ii. 12. 



functions, ii. 476. 



Frondosae, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Frondose community, ii. 888, 893. 

 Frost, and leaf -fall, i. 359. 



— and young fohage, L 545. 

 Frozen, gardeners' use of word, i. 356. 

 Fructification, of Fungi, colour, i. 165. 



— of Loranthus Europsus, i. 211. 

 Fruit, accessory structures, ii. 433. 



— and seed of Coniferae, ii. 441. 



— boring, i. 618. 



— botanical definition, ii. 47. 



— broad sense, ii. 6, 427. 



— green, L 376. 



— of Dudresnaya, ii. 50. 



— of Erj-iiphese, iL 60. 



— of Ferns, iL 68, 475. 



— of Fucus, iL 53, 



— of Muscinete, ii. 66. 



— of PenidUium, iL 60. 



— of Peronosporeje, ii. 56. 



— of Vaucheria, ii. 58. 



— ripening and allurement, ii. 446. 



— types of, ii. 427. 



Fruit-formation, essential conditions, ii. 70. 



in Aspergillus and Penicillium, ii. 18. 



in Eurotium, ii. 679. 



Fruitful and unfruitful years, ii. 471. 

 Fruiting spike, of Arum maculatum, ii. 742. 

 Fruit-production, result of interference wiUi, 



ii. 453. 

 Fruit-ripening of Characese, ii. 62. 



of Equisetaceae, ii. 68. 



of Florideae, iL 62. 



of Marsilia, Salvinia, and SelagineUa, 



ii. 69. 



of Muscineae, iL 64. 



thermal constants, L 559. 



Fruit-sugars, formation, i. 465. 

 Fruits, aggregate and collective, ii. 436. 

 Fruits and birds, L 463. 



Fruits and seeds of Coniferae, iL 442, 443- 



— attachment to substratum, i. 615. 



— boring of. i. 619- 



— dry, subdivision, iL 429. 



— indehiscent, ii. 427. 



— preservation through dryness, i. 262. 



— protection from desiccation, ii. 449. 



— size and weight, ii. 452. 



— so called of Ascomycetes, iL 20. 



— with cupules, iL 435. 



— with modified receptacle or pedicel, iL 



436. 



— with persistent receptacles, ii. 434. 

 Frullania, pitchers on leaves, L 255. 

 FruUania dilatata, ii. 698. 



mode of adhering to bark, L 106. 



Frustule, of Diatoms, ii. 625. 

 Frutex, i. 715. 

 Fruricose Lichens, iL 694. 

 Fruticulus, i. 715. 

 Fucaceae, as host plants, i. 77. 



— characteristics, iL 663. 



— reproductive protoplasts, ii. 50. 

 Fuchs a501-1566), i. 4. 



Fuchsia, flowers after pollination, iL 286. 



— viscin of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Fuchsia cocciuea, &c., scarlet flower, iL 196. 

 Fucoidese, i. 169; iL 606. 



— size compared to attachment, L 78. 

 Fucus, fruit, ii 53. 



— no alternation of generations, ii. 481. 



— oosphere and spermatozoids, L 29. 



— stmctxu-e, i. 590; iL 51, 664. 

 Fucus vesiculosus, fertilization, iL 52. 

 Fuligo varians, colour of, i. 32. 

 Fuller's Thistle. See Cirsium. 



Fumaria, behaviour to own and foreign 



pollen, iL 407. 

 Fumaria claviculata, branch-tendrils, i. 694. 



— drupaceous nut, ii. 427, 429. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— leaf-stalk tendrils, 1 692. 

 Fumaria officinalis, cotyledons, i. 621. 



flower, diadelphia, ii. 293. 



Funaria, hybrids, ii. 582. 



— spermatozoid, i. 29. 



Funaria hygrometrica, chlorophyll-granules, 

 change of shape, L 381. 



Function, double, of various plant mechan- 

 isms, L 308. 



Fundamentum. See Hypocoiyl. 



Fungal hyphae, modes of growth, i. 589. 



FungL L 161 ; iL 617, 620. 



— advantage of luminosity, i. 504. 



— as disintegrating agents, L 99, 263. 



— at home, iL PL XIV. 



— characteristics, iL 663. 



— division of Thallophyta, ii. 604. 



— effect on cells attacked, iL 518. 



— ferment, i. 505. 



— fleshy, loss of bulk through loss of water, 



L216. 



— fossil remains, iL 614. 



— hyphae in bark, i. 106. 



— of Lichen community, i. 244. 



— on ground of woods, L 109. 



— parasitic alteratioo of form by, iL 518. 

 cause of skin-diseases, i. 168. 



extent of attack, L 164. 



hyphffl of, i. 165. 



numbers on one host, localized attack, 



&c., L 168. 



— peat, unsuitable soil for, L 102. 



— plasmoid, feeding of, i. 56. 



— rapid development of fructification, L 117. 



— reason of abundance in woods, i. 252. 



— respiratory heat, L 497. 



— saprophytic, L 99. 



— specific scents, ii. 488. 



— variety of appearance, L 110. 

 Fungus-flies, L 504. 

 Fungus-galls, ii. 521. 



Fungus melitensis, apothecaries' name for 

 Cynomorium coccineum, L 198. 



Fimgus- mycelium, importance to roots of 

 plants, i. 250. 



Funiculus, of ovule, L 644; iL 81. 



