INDEX. 



959 



Lichens, diaaemination of spores, i. 246. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



formerly treated as parasites, i. 159. 



— etching of marble pillar by, i. 257. 



— families of, ii. 693. 



— Foliaceous, habit of, i. 244. 



— force of hyphal threads, i. 513. 



— forming rings, ii. 793. 



— Fruticose, characteristics of, i. 245. 



— gelatinous, i. 244 ; ii. 694. 



— hyphse and Algse, ii. 693. 



— on Loranthus, i. 212. 



— part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to environment, &c., i. 247. 



— soredia, ii. 24. 

 dispersal, ii. 816. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— symbiotic nature, i. 244 ; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 264. 



— discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



— ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fern, ii. 476, 708. 



Light, affects geographical distribution, i, 

 394. 



— and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



— and form of leaves, i. 430. 



— and direction of branching, 1. 414. 



— and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and position of leaves, i. 409. 



— and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



— and sexual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



— avoiding tendrils, i. 699. 



— bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 

 ^ effect of varying intensity, i. 381. 



— influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



— transformation into heat, i. 519. 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 LigniScation, of hairs, i. 441. 



— use of, i. 474. 

 Liguin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulate florets and nocturnal radiation, i. 

 530. 



of CompositBB, ii. 114. 



Ligule, function in arundinaceous plants, i. 98. 



— of Grasses, i. 427; ii. 746. 



— of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



— of Selaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligustrum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



Witches' Broom galls, ii. 548. 



Lilac. See Syringa vulgaris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Liliacese, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 325. 



— general characters, ii. 730. 



— incompletely protogynous genera, ii. 311. 



— polyembryony in, ii. 468. 

 Liliflorese, hybrids among, ii. 583. 



— various, ii. 729. 



IiilioidesB, distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 Tiilium, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— propagation, ii. 556. 



LiUum album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Lilium auratum, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium bulbiferum, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 578. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, Ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii. 119. 



Lilium Carniolicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium Ohalcedonicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croceum, absence of vegetative pro- 

 pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lihum Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408, 



downward pull of roots, i. 767. 



leaf -movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating poUen-grains, 



ii. 409. 



Lilium Martagon, stomata, i. 339. 



Lilium tigrinum, stamen of green flower, ii. 

 86. 



Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria majalis. 



Lime. See Tilia. 



Lime, accumulation by snails and hydro- 

 phytes, solution and reprecipitation, i. 

 260. 



— amount formed by Potamogeton lucens, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 Lime, bicarbonate, excretion by water- 

 absorbing organs, conversion into mono- 

 carbonate, i. 234. 



— importance of, in nutrition, i. 67, 



Lime incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



inOhara, ii. 660. 



in Codiaceae, ii. 645. 



of Hydrophytes, i. 61. 



restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



— oxalate of, i. 42. 



— protective incrustation over absorption- 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, &c., i. 234. 



— protective incrustations on leaves, i. 235. 

 Limestone, corrosjon by plants, i. 258. 



— humus on, ii. 499. 



— limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Limnanthemum, habit, i. 666. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Limnobium molle, habitat, as mud-collector, 



i. 267. 

 Limosella aquatica, sub-aqueous fertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Linaria, aestivation, ii. 211. 



— and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



— axillary buds, ii. 29. 



— cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— insect platform, ii. 228. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 110. 



— storing of honey, ii. 172. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Liuaria alpina, flower, ii. 180. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, i. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53. 



Linaria genistifoUa, ii. 560. 



Linaria Uttoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 



own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 

 Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 



weather, ii. 448. 

 Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28. 

 Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 



hshed hybrid of, ii. 591. 

 Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 

 Linaria vulgaris, and animals, i. 432. 



buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindsaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Callnna vulgaris. 



Linnsea borealis, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



flower, ii. 236. 



scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 8W. 



Linnaeus and hermaphrodite flowers, ii. 300. 



— definition of a species, ii. 486. 



— floral clock, ii. 215. 



— on varieties, in Philosophia Botanica, ii. 



514. 



— (1707-1778), revolutionizes the study of 



botany, i. 5. 



— system of classification, i. 6 ; ii. 601. 

 Liimean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 



classes 11, 12, 17, 21, ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, ii. 292. 



^! first ten class, ii. 289. 



table of classes, ii. 288. 



Linum, heterostylism, ii. 399. 



— seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum catharticum, opening and closing, ii. 



220. 

 Linum grandiflorum, withering of corolla 



and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Linum perenne, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Linum tenuifolium, recurrent opening, ii. 



213. 



Linum usitatissimum, cluster-galls on, ii. 547. 



non-adaptability, i. 393. 



Linum viscosum, duration of flowering, ii. 

 213. 



guides to honey, ii. 249. 



Liquidambar, pistillate flower, monoecia, ii. 

 293. 



— staminate flower, moncecia, ii. 293. 

 Liquorice. See Olycyrrhiza. 

 Liriodendron, fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 121 

 Liriodendron tulipifera, leaf -unfolding, i. 



352. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protective stipules, i. 626. 



stipules, i. 351. 



Listera, insect-visitors, ii. 256. 



— labellum, ii. 254. 



Listera ovata, allurement of insects, ii. 206. 

 Lithium in plants, i. 68, 

 Lithophytea, i. 267. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, i. 367. 



— dust-catchers, i. 82. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— rapid water surrender, i. 555. 



— source of food salts, i. 79. 



— what include, i. 56. 



— whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



— whence obtain carbonic acid, i. 61. 

 Lithospermum, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Lithospermum arvense, autogamy, ii. 332. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Lithospermum purpureo-cceruleum, stolons, 



i. 663. 

 LithothamneEe, lime deposition and resis- 

 tance, i. 425. 

 Lithothamnia, as marine lime-accumulators, 



i.261. 

 Littorella lacuatris, offshoots, ii. 456. 



resemblance to Isoetes lacustris, ii. 717. 



Liverworts. See HepaticcB. 



Livia Juncorum, galls on Juncus, ii. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orchis Mrcina. 



Loaaacese, stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Lobelia Dortmanni, resemblance to Isoetes 



lacustris, ii. 717. 

 Lobelia splendens, scarlet flower, ii. 196. 

 LobeUacese, ii. 767. 



Lobularia nummularia, autogamy, ii. 339. 

 Lobularia nummularise folia, flowers and 



young fruits, ii. 184. 

 Locust-bean, fruit of Ceratonia Siliqua, ii. 



535. 

 Lodicule, of Gramineae, ii. 746. 

 Lodoicea Sechellarum, fruit, ii. 452, 740. 

 Loew, E., Bllitenbiologische Ploristik, ii. 



399. 

 Loganiaceee, ii. 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distribution, i. 302. 



— rolled leaves, i. 302. 



Lo^eleuria. See also Azalea procuvibejis. 

 Lonicera and Hawk-moths, ii. 207. 



— and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— cyme, i. 738, 



— nectaries, ii. 177, 178. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— poUen-grain, ii. 100. 



— twining stem, i. 681. 



— twisting of intemodes, i. 417. 

 Lonicera alpigena, flower-opening constant, 



i. 559, 



nectary, ii. 178. 



pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Lonicera caprifolium, dextrorse twining, i. 

 685. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



opening of flower, ii. 211. 



scent, ii. 201. 



scent and Sphinx Convolvuli, ii. 208. 



twining, i. 689. 



Lonicera ciliosa, example of non-parasitic 



creeper, i. 160. 

 Lonicera coerulea, cyme, i. 746. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



Lonicera Etrusca, flower, ii. 227. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



Lonicera fragrantissima, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 



