964 



INDEX. 



Nigella, nectaries, ii. 179. 



Nigella arvensis, effect of mutilation, ii. 



517. 

 Nigella Damascena, styles, i. 645. 

 Nigella elata, honey-leaf, ii. 180. 

 Nigella sativa, honey-leaf, ii. 180. 

 Night-flowers, ii. 213. 

 Nightshade, Alpine Enchanter's. See Clrccea 



alpina. 



— scent, ii. 202. 



Nigritella, position of labellum, ii. 224. 

 Nigritella nigra, scent, ii. 201. 

 Nigritella suaveolens, hybrid, ii. 563, 586. 



hybrid, colour of flowers, ii. 567. 



Nipple-wort. See Lapsana. 

 Nissolia, phyllodes, i. 335. 

 Nitella, characteristic feature, ii. 661. 

 Nitella syncarpa, freezing, i. 540, 542. 

 Nitric acid, agent in weathering, i. 83. 



earliest source, i. 64. 



reduction, i. 458. 



sources of, i. 83. 



Nitrification of soil, by Bacteria, ii. 624. 

 Nitrogen, i. 258. 



— fixation by Bacteria, ii. 624. 



— in albumen, i. 457. 



— non-accumnlation from hydrophytes, i. 



261. 



— percentage in air, i. 64. 



— replacing hydrogen, i. 454. 



— sources of, i. 64, 457. 



Nitrogenous compounds, not respired di- 

 rectly, i. 495. 



probably obtained by water-absorbing 



aerial organs, i. 241. 

 Nitrogenous matter, effect on glands of 



Drosera, i. 144. 

 Nodding of flowers, and protection of 



pollen, ii. 119. 

 Nodes, of stem, i. 396, 658. 



— relation of hairs to, in Stellaria media, i. 



227. 

 Noea spinosissima, spinosity, i. 444. 

 Nolanacese, ii. 771. 

 Nonnea, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 

 Non-saprophytes, on trees, i. 106. 

 Norway Maple. See Acer platanoidea. 

 Nostoc and CoUemA, ii. 694. 



— association with other plants, ii. 622. 

 Nostoc edule, ii. 621. 



Nostocaceae, as Lichen-algse, ii. 692. 



— description, ii. 621. 



— filaments, i. 586. 



— habit, i. 589. 



Nostocineie, lime incrusted, i. 260. 



— loss of bidk through loss of water, i. 216. 

 Notochlcena Marantae, rolling up of frond, i. 



314. 

 Nottingham Catchfly. See Silene nutans. 

 NuceUus, of ovule, ii. 72, 81, 644. 

 Nucleus, of cell, and starch - formation in 

 Spirogyra, ii. 657. 



central organ, i. 53. 



composition, &c., i. 41. 



functions, ii. 493. 



importance of, i. 48. 



in streaming protoplasm, i. 34. 



structure, i. 569. 



structure and division, i. 580, 581. 



— of ovule, i. 644. 



— of starch grain, i. 460. 

 NuUipores, fossil Floridese, ii. 614. 

 Nuphar, ovary, ii. 75. 



— position of stomata on leaves, i. 280. 

 Nuphar intermedium, fertility, ii. 590. 

 mean cross, ii. 558. 



Nuphar luteum and N. pumilum, hybrid, 



ii. 558, 589. 

 Nutating tendrils, i. 696. 

 Nutation, of roots, i. 774. 



— of twining stems, i. 683. 

 Nut, embryo protection, ii. 450. 



— nature of, ii. 429. 



" Nut-cracker" and Walnut, &c., ii. 446. 

 Nutmeg. See Myriatica moschata. 

 Nutrition and gamete-formation, ii. 641. 



— and sexual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



Nutrition, mode of, best determined by 

 artificial cultures, i. 104. 



— of plants, mutation, translocation, &c., of 



substances concerned in, i, 258. 

 Nux-vomica, cells from seed, i. 45. 

 Nyctaginacea, calcium oxalate crystals, i. 570. 



— perianth, ii. 749. 



— poUen-grains, ii. 97, 102. 

 Nyctaginese, ii. 196. 



Nyctandra, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— stamen, ii. 91. 



NymphEBa, floating fruits, ii. 848. 



— leaf and transpiration, i. 288. 



— position of stomata on leaves, i. 280. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 113. 

 Nymphasa alba, ash of, i. 69. 



contrivance for getting rid of rain- 

 water, i. 288. 



habit and habitat, ii. 511. 



latitude and closing, ii. 218. 



— - pollen-grains, ii. 99, 100. 

 Nympheea coerulea, scent, ii. 201. 

 Nymphcea Devoniensis, size of flowers, ii, 



185. 

 Nymphiea gigantea, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Nymphaea guianensis, epiphyllous buds, ii. 



43. 

 Nymphsea Lotus and N. dentata, hybrid and 



sepals, ii. 576. 



anthocyanin, i. 521. 



Nymphsea thermalis, anthocyanin, L 521. 

 Nymphaeaceae, anther, ii. 90. 



0. 



Oak. See Quercus. 

 Oak-apples, nature of, ii. 528. 

 Oak-galls, various, ii. 541. 

 Oak-leaves, galls on, ii. 552. 

 Oat. See Avena sativa. 

 Oats, pollination, ii. 142. 



— starch, i. 459. 



Obione halimifolia, "deaf " fruits, ii. 468. 



Ochna, flower and fruit, ii. 778. 



Ochrus, phyllodes, i. 335. 



Ocymum and cold, i. 545. 



Ocymum Basilicum, pericarp mucilage, i. 



615. 

 Odontidium hiemale, in spring above Arzler 



Alp, i. 71. 

 Odontites, parasitic i. 176. 

 Odontites lutea, culture experiment, 1. 180. 

 Odontoglossum, edible fleshy growths, i. 170. 

 Odontoglossum Hossii, duration of flowering, 



ii. 214. 

 Odour, and poisonous properties, i. 431. 

 Odours, variety in a genus, &c., ii. 487. 

 OEdogoniaceEe, ii. 650. 

 CEdogonium and Chytridium 011a, ii. 669. 



— chlorophyll body, i. 373. 



— Ufe-history, ii. 650. 

 (Enanthic acid, ii. 202. 

 CEnothera, and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— downward pull of roots, i. 767. 



— moths and pollen, ii. 247. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— stigma, ii. 283. 



CEnothera biennis, autogamy, ii. 253. 



flower, ii. 247. 



inflorescence, ii. 282. 



pollen-grains with viscin tlireads, ii. 101. 



CEnothera grandiflora, opening of flower, ii. 



212. 

 CEnothera muricata, autogamy, ii. 253. 

 Offshoots, ciliated, ii. 802. 



— dispersal by water, ii. 805. 



— formation and climatic conditions, ii. 453. 



— on runners, ii. 801. 



— propagation by, ii. 790. 

 Oil, of bitter almonds, i. 462. 



— of cloves, ii. 200. 



— of Neroli, source, ii. 203. 



— of turpentine, lavender, &a., i. 461. 

 Oken, nature-philosophy (1810), i. 13. 

 Olacaceae, ii. 754. 



Old Man's Beard Lichen. See Usnea barbata. 



Old World, hairiness of plants on steppes and 



deserts, i. 317. 

 Oleacese, ii. 771. 



Oleander. See Nerium Oleander. 

 Olfactory organs, in man and animals, ii. 204. 

 Olive grove on the shores of Lake Garda, i. 



275. 



— oil, decomposition, i. 462. 

 Olive-tree, stomata, i. 280. 

 Ombrophytum, appearance and dimensions, 



i. 196. 



— Peruvian name, i. 196. 



Omphalia, in salt-mine at Hallstatt, i. 101. 

 Omphalodes vema, flower colour and sur- 

 roundings, ii. 194. 

 Onagraceae, ii. 781. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 

 Oncidium, aerial roots, i. 222, 753. 



— edible fleshy growths, ii. 170. 

 Oncidium Papilio, PI. XIII. 



animal mimicry, ii. 229. 



Onion. See Allium. 



Onobrychis, insects and keel movements, ii. 



252. 

 Onobrychis Bequidentata,hooked fruit, ii. 873. 

 Onobrychis comuta, spinosity, i. 444. 

 Ononis, pollen expulsion, ii. 260. 

 Onopordon, method of water-conduction, i. 96. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 126. 



— spiny leaves, i. 438. 

 Onosma, bristles, i. 441. 

 Ontogeny and phyllogeny, ii. 608. 

 Oogonia, of Achlya lignicola, ii. 671. 

 Oogonium, definition, ii. 47. 



— of Fucus vesiculosns, ii. 663. 

 Oomycetes, characteristics, ii. 668. 

 Oophyte, of Pteridophyta, characteristics, ii. 



704. 

 Ooplasm, protection in Phanerogams, ii. 72. 

 Ooplast, of Phanerogams, ii. 81. 

 Oospheres, of Chlorophyceee, ii. 628. 

 Oospore, of Chlorophycere, ii. 628. 

 Opegrapha lithyrga, habitat, i. 117. 

 Opera GirL See Mantisia. 

 Operculum, of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 

 Ophelia, nectaries, ii. 178. 

 Ophioglossacese, characteristics, ii. 709. 



— two kinds of fronds, ii. 12. 

 Ophioglossum vulgatum, radical buds, ii. 28. 

 Ophrys comuta, flower, ii. 226. 



insect platform, ii. 227. 



Opium, latex of Papaver somniferum, i. 470. 

 Opium Poppy. See Papaver somnifei-um. 

 Opoponax Cretica, seed-dispersal, ii. 853. 

 Opuntia, insect platform, ii. 229. 



— irritable starainal filaments, ii, 264. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 113. 



— spines, i. 446. 



— stem structure, i. 327. 



Opuntia nana, recurrent opening, ii, 213. 



stigma, ii. 279. 



Opuntia Rafinesquii, barbed bristles, i. 439. 

 Orache. See AtJ-iplex. 

 Oraches, and animals, i. 432. 



— trimethylamine, i, 462. 

 Orange-flower scent, ii, 203, 



Orange Lily. See Lilium croceum and L. 



bulbifemm. 

 Orange-tree, odoms, i. 461. 

 Orchid inflorescence, position of flowers to 



axis, ii. 256. 

 OrehidaceiB, characteristic of flower, ii. 736. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii, 43. 



— hybrids among, ii, 583. 



— ovary, ii. 77. 



— pollination, details, ii. 253. 



— subdivisions, ii. 736. 

 Orchids, anther, ii. 93. 



— aqueous tissue, i. 328. 



— chlorophyll in roots, i. 766. 



— chlorophyll in seeds, &c., i. 376. 



— conducting tissue for pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— cross-fertilization, ii, 302. 



— cyUndrical leaves in, i. 327. 



