INDEX. 



967 



Phalsenopsis Schilleriana, clinging roots, i. 



754. 



pollination, ii. 227. 



Phalaris arundinacea, protection of stomata 

 from moisture, i, 294. 



weather-cock leaves, i. 427. 



Phallus, shrivelling through loss of water, i. 



216. 

 Phallus caninus, sphere-crystals, i. 457. 

 Phallus impudicus, ii. 691. 



spore-dispersal, ii. 827. 



Phanerogamia, absence of fossil connecting 



links with lower groups, ii. 613. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 478. 



— analogies with RhizocarpeBe and Sela- 



gineUeiiB in female reproductive organs, 

 u. 69. 



— aquatic, mode of attachment, i. 77. 



— corrosive power of roots, experimental 



illustration, i. 258. 



— discussion of true nature of partheno- 



geneais, ii. 467. 



— embryo differentiation, ii. 450. 



— fertilized in the air, ii. 71. 



— general characters, ii. 717. 



— homologies of reproductive organs, ii. 717. 



— mechanical action of roots, i, 265. 



— number and grouping in Genera Plant- 



arum of B. and H., ii. 604. 



— poUen and water, ii. 106. 



— poUen-sac arrangement, ii. 89. 



— saprophytic, in meadows, i. 112. 



— suh-phylla, ii. 719. 

 Phanerogamic ovaries, ii. 77. 

 Phaseolus, leaf raovemeots, i. 339. 

 Phaseolus vulgaris, nutation, i. 683. 

 PhQadelphus, separation-layer, i. 361. 

 Phillyrea, pollination, ii. 138, 

 Philodendron, leaves cover air-roots, i. 225, 

 PhiiodendroD bipinnatifidura stem, ii. 745. 

 Philodendron imbe, i. 365 ; ii. 744. 

 Philodendron Lindenii, root-hairs, i. 224. 

 Philodendron pertusum, i. 365; ii. 744. 

 aerial roots, i. 366. 



Philosophia Botanica, of Linnseus, definition 



of varieties, ii. 514, 

 Phleum, pollination, ii. 142. 

 Phlomis, hairiness, i. 317. 

 Phlox, honey protection, ii. 241. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. Ill, 

 Phoenii dactylifera, absorbent end of coty- 

 ledon, i. 600. 



germination, i. 607. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 



vitaUty of spermatoplasm, iL 96. 



Phosphorescence and light of Fungi, i. 503. 



— of sea, caused by Diuoflagellata, ii. 625. 

 Phosphoric acid, ferment action, i. 465. 

 Phosphorus, in ash of plants, i. 66. 



— necessary for nitrogen compounds, i. 67. 

 Phragmites communis, ash constituents, i. 



68. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 731. 



spreading of, ii. 798. 



" Phrygana", of Theopbrastus, i.e. semi- 

 shrubs, i, 444. 



Phrygian form, produced toy animals, i. 445. 



Phycocyanin, pigment of Cyanophyceae, ii. 

 621. 



Phycoerythrin, i. 460. 



— fluorescence, i. 379, 390. 



— function, i, 390. 

 Phycomycetes, characters, ii. 668. 

 Phycophsein, pigment of Phseophycese, ii. 



661. 

 Phygelius, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Phygelius capensis, flower, ii. 181. 



flowers and autogamy, ii. 384. 



Phyllanthus, phyllocladous plants, i. 334. 

 Phyllanthus cyclanthera, anthers, ii. 90. 

 Phyllanthus speciosus, i. 335. 

 PhyUobium dimorphum, hfe-history, ii. 638. 

 Pbylloclades, in Chenopodiacese, ii. 749. 



— leaf-branches, i. 333. 



— of Colletia, &c., i. 334. 

 PhyHode, nature of, i. 335. 



— of Acacia, i. 637. 



Phyllodes, distribution of stomata on, i. 281. 

 Phylloglossxmi, general structure, ii. 715. 

 PhyUosiphon arisari, life-cycle, ii. 643. 

 Phyllostaohys bambusoides, protection of 



stomata from moisture, i. 294. 

 Phyllotaxis, and shape of leaves, i. 408. 



— determination of, i. 403. 



— of stamens, ii. 85. 



— plan of whorled, i. 397. 



— plans of spiral, i. 400. 



— various series, i. 404. 

 Phylocladia, luminosity, i. 388. 

 Phj'logenetic tree, ii. 620. 

 Phylogeny, of plants, ii. 607. 

 Physahs, corolla and autogamy, ii. 366. 



— guides to honey, ii. 249. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



Physalis Alkekengi, calyx and fruit, ii. 434. 



red pigment, i. 461. 



Physcia ciliaris, apothecium, ii. 681. 

 Physcia parietina, Foliose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Physianthus albens. See Aravjia albens. 

 Physooytium, hfe-oycle, ii. 636. 

 Phyteuma, nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



— opening of flower, ii. 211. 



— storing of pollen on style, ii. 359. 

 Phyteuma orbiculare, autogamy, ii, 362, 

 bud-galls of Oecidomyia phyteumatis, 



ii, 544. 

 Phyteuma spicatum, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 Phytolaca decandra, seed and embryo, ii. 



422. 

 Phytophthora omnivora, on seedlings, iL 



670. 

 Phytoptus and fasciations in Ash, ii. 549. 



— and formation of double flowers, ii. 459. 

 Pigment, chlorophyll-protecting, i. 392. 



— of Floride£6, i. 388. 

 Pigments, fluorescing, x, 379. 



— from bacterial activity, i. 506. 



— of plants, i. 460. 



Pilacraceae, distinctive features, ii. 687. 

 Pilea microphylla, ejection of pollen, ii. 137. 

 Pileus, of Agarics, ii. 491, 689. 



— of Hymenomycetes, ii. 688. 



Pilobolus cristallinus, dispersal of spores, ii. 

 825. 



Pilostyles, distribution, i. 204. 



Pilostyles Hauasknechtii, mycelium-Uke tis- 

 sue in host, i. 200. 



Pilularia, leaves and sporocarps, ii. 711. 



Pimpernel. See Anagallis. 



Pimpinella magna, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



scent, ii. 202. 



Pimpinella saxifraga, periodically pendulous 

 umbels, i. 530. 



Pine. See Pimts. 



Pine-apple. See Ananassa saliva. 



Pine-cone, phyllotaxis, i. 402. 



Pinguicula, autogamy, ii. 356. 



— capturing apparatus, i. 137. 



— habitat, i. 140. 



— nectary, ii. 178. 



— number of species, &c„ i. 140, 

 Pinguicula alpina, leaf section, i. 137. 

 Pinguicula vulgaris, capsule in dry and wet 



weather, ii. 448. 



— stamen, i. 91. 

 Pink. See Dianthus. 

 Pinus, ii. 721. 



— and resistance to cold, ii. 489. > 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— branch, section, i. 22. 



— cone protection, ii. 442, 



— egg-cella, ii. 419. 



— green cotyledons, i. 622. 



— monoecious, ii. 297. 



— mutilation by ruminants, ii. 515. 



— mycorhiza Fungus, ii. 678. 



— ovuliferous and bract scales, ii. 440. 



— protection of ovules, ii. 72. 



— specific value of leaf anatomy, ii. 565. 



— stomata on leaves, i. 280. 



— subdivision, ii. 725. 

 Pinus Cembra, ii. 727. 

 age, i. 722. 



cold resistance, i. 543. 



Pinus Cembra, dimensions, i. 722. 



pollen-grains iu snow-dust, i, 38. 



protective resin of cones, ii. 44^, 



seed-coat, ii. 439. 



Pinus excelsa, cold resistance, i. 543. 

 Pinus Halepeusis and cold, i. 543. 

 Pinus humilis, habit, habitat and snow, L 

 548. 



Tyrol, i. 649. 



Pinus Pinea, and cold, i. 543. 



seed-coat, ii. 439. 



Pinus Pumilio, female flower, ii, 722. 



male and female cones, ii. 144. 



poUea-graius, ii. 98. 



pollen storing and dispersion, ii. 145. 



Pinus serotina, branch and cone, ii. 443. 

 Pinus Strobus and Peridermium .Strobi, it 



527. 

 Pinus sylvestris, age, i. 722. 



and Coleosporium senecionis, ii. 686. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



ovule, structure, ii. 418. 



ovuliferous scale, ii, 441, 721. 



seed protection and dispersal, ii. 449. 



Piper, root-forming leaves, i. 772. 



— roots from leaf-cuttings, i. 88. 

 Piperace», cause of white spots on leaves, L 



285. 



— collective fruits in, ii. 436. 

 Piper Betle, collective fruit, ii. 437. 

 Pisonia and galls of Pemphigus comiculariiM, 



u. 535. 

 Pisonia aculeata, sticky fruit, ii. 870. 

 Pistacia, pollination, ii, 138, 

 Pistacia Lentiscus and Witches' Broom, iL 



527, 

 Pisteie, characteristics, ii. 745, 

 Fistia, adaptation to change of habitat, i. 76. 

 Piston-apparatus, pollen distribution, ii. 260. 

 Pisum, fruit protection, ii. 446. 



— keel movements and pollen brush, ii. 252. 

 Pitcher of Frullania, ii. 698. 



Pitcher -plants, digestion of prey, i. 124. 

 Pitchers, i. 127. 



— alluring, &c., contrivances, i. 134. 

 Pitfalls, advantage of, i. 158. 



— structure, &c,, in Genlisea, i. 124. 



— various shapes, i, 130, 

 Pith-galls, appearance, ii. 537. 



Pits, bordered, of tracheides and tracheae, L 

 276, 



structure of, i. 45. 



Pitted vessel, i. 469. 

 Placenta of ovary, i. 644 ; ii. 81. 

 Plagiotheciura nekeroideum, absorption - 



cells, L 85. 

 Plains, type of community, ii. 888, 892. 

 Plan of whorled phyllotaxis, i. 397. 

 Plane-tree. See Platanus. 

 Plant, adaptation, i. 567. 



— biennial, i, 658. 



functions of roots, i. 751, 



roots, i. 760. 



— cycle of development and climatology, i. 



564. 



— division of labour, i. 367. 



— fanciful comparisons of iN'ature-philoso- 



phers, i. 12. 



— moncecious, ii. 298. 



— spines and prickles, i. 433. 



— typical, Goethe's, i. 12, 

 Plantaginacese, ii. 771. 

 Plantago, pollination, ii, 135. 



— protection of pollen, iL 123, 



— seed-cement, i, 615. 

 Plantago cretica, dispersal, ii. 849. 

 Plantago major and animals, L 432. 

 Plantago media, &c,, leaves and rain conduc- 

 tion, i. 95. 



spikes and radiation, L 530. 



Plantago recurvata, spikes and nocturnal 



radiation, i. 530. 

 Plantain. See Musa paradiaiaca. 

 Plant-body, nature of, i, 590, 



simplest form, i. 591, 



Plant communities, ii, 885. 

 types of, ii. 887, 



