970 



INDEX. 



Propagation by leaf-cuttings, ii. 41. 



— by offshoots, ii. 790. 



— kinds of, ii. 6. 

 Protandrous dichogamy, ii. 309. 



— flower, ii. 307. 



— plants and hybridization, ii. 317. 

 ProteacesB, and animals, i. 432. 



— Australian, summer sleep, i. 326, 



— follicle, ii. 430. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— position of leaf-blades in many, i. 335. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



— sweeping hairs, ii. 615. 

 Proteales, ii. 751. 



— description, ii. 750. 



Protea mellifera, Australia, protection of 

 stomata from moisture, i. 296. 



cuticular ramparts, i. 310. 



stomata, surface view and section, i. 



297. 



Protection, from loss of heat, i. 528. 



— of bulbs, i. 624. 



— of chlorophyll, i. 391. 



— of cotyledons in germination, i. 613. 



— of embryo, ii. 442, 601. 



— of flowers, by sticky glands, ii. 236. 

 by tufts of hab:, ii. 240. 



— of boney, by intra-floral hairs, ii. 239, 



various contrivances, ii. 233. 



various devices, ii. 241. 



— of leaves, against mechanical injury, i. 



428. 



— of plants, against animals, i. 430. 

 by snow, i. 548. 



by spines, &c., i. 433. 



— of pollen, ii. 117. 



— of pollen from wet, ii. 106, 109. 



— of ripening seeds against animals, ii. 444. 



— of seeds against wet, ii. 448. 



— of spermatoplasm and ooplasm, ii, 72. 



— of sporangia, ii. 13. 



^of underground roots from vermin, &c., 



i. 762. 

 Protective contrivances, and distribution, i. 

 450. 



and loss of heat, i. 529. 



of developing leaves, i. 348. 



— envelopes of young green leaves, i. 351. 



— isolation of plants by water, ii. 233. 



— poisons of plants, i. 431. 

 Proteid-granules, in endosperm, ii, 421. 

 Prothallium, female, of Hydropterides, ii. 



710. 



— of Equisetum, ii. 712. 



— of Fern, ii. 472. 



— of Lycopodium annotinum, ii. 716. 



— young, arising from spore, ii. 472. 

 Prothallus, Pern, habit of, i. 88. 

 Pl-otococcoidese, as Lichen-algae, ii. 692. 



— description, ii. 628 et seq. 

 Protococcus atlanticus, reddening of sea, i. 



389. 

 Protozoa afford examples of simplest type 

 of reproduction, ii. 630. 



— and Myiomycetes, ii, 619, 

 Protogynous dichogamy, ii. 309, 



— flower, ii. 307. 



— plants and hybridization, ii, 316. 

 Protomycetes, ii. 674. 

 Protonema, of Moss, ii. 701, 799. 



— of Schietostega, PI. I. 

 luminosity, i. 385. 



Protoplasm, and freezing to death, i. 552. 



— continuity, and transmission of stimuli, 



i. 536. 



— essential part of cell, i. 26. 



— formative activity, i. 572. 



— importance in assimilation, i, 456. 



— in cell-wall, i. 581. 



— inclosed in cells, i. 26. 



— motion within cell-cavities, i. 32. 



— movements and chlorophyll-granules, ii. 



382. 



— rate of current, i. 34. 



— resisting capacity, i. 553. 



— selective absorption due to specific con- 



stitution, i. 73. 



Protoplasm, specific constitution, ii. 487. 



— structure, i. 511, 569. 



— theories of origin, ii, 597. 



— vehicle for oxygen, i. 495. 



— vitality, i. 51. 

 and cold, i. 544, 



Protoplasmic strands, conducting function, 



i. 466. 

 Protoplast, definition of term, i. 26. 



— division of labour within, i. 466. 

 Protoplasts, amoeboid, i, 31. 



— chlorophyll corpuscles in, i. 30. 



— ciliated, general behaviour, i. 30. 



— green, behaviour towards light, i. 30. 



— mode of life, i. 27. 



— mutual and external relations, i, 47. 



— power of renovation, ii. 45. 



— problem of mutual intelligence between, 



i. 49. 



— sorts of, i, 28. 



Prunella, distribution of sexes, ii, 298. 



— honey protection, ii, 241. 



— hybrids, 11. 585. 

 Pruning, object of, ii. 37. 



Prunus, host of Polystigma nibrum, ii, 678. 



Prunus armeniaca, section, i. 22. 



Prunus avium, dates of flowering, i. 519, 



drupe, ii, 423. 



Prunus cerasus, cotyledons, i. 608. 



Prunus communis, nectary, ii. 174, 



Prunus insititia, &c. , galls of Exoascus Pruni, 

 u. 524. 



Prunus Mahaleb, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 



Prunus Padus, ii. 524. 



Prunus splnosa, drupe, ii. 428. 



spines, 1. 443. 



Prussic acid, i. 462. 



Pseudo-hermaphrodite flowers and dichog- 

 amy, ii. 312. 



Pseudomorphs, Orobanche formerly con- 

 sidered, i. 185. 



PailotacesB, description, ii, 715. 



— homosporous, ii, 713, 

 Ptarmigans, in Alps, i. 489. 



Ptelea trifoliata, flowers, sexual conditions, 

 ii. 296. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 853. 



Pteranthus echinatus, hooked fruit, ii. 873. 

 Pterideae, tribe of Polypodiacese, ii. 706. 

 Pteridophyta compared to Bryophyta, ii, 704. 



— general description, ii. 704. 

 Pterocarya, mode of fertilization unknown, 



ii. 413. 

 Pterocarya Caucasica, cotyledons, i. 621. 

 Pterogonium gracile, parthenogenesis, ii. 



464. 

 Puccinia gramirus, effect on Wheat crops, ii. 

 687. 



life-history, ii. 686. 



Puff-balls, See Lycoperdon. 

 Pulmonaria, autogamy, ii, 396. 



— heterostyly, ii. 302. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— venation, i, 630. 



Pulmonaria hybrida, characteristic hairs, ii. 



564, 

 Pulmonaria Lithoapermum, flower colour 



and surroundings, ii, 194, 

 Pulmonaria ofEcinahs, winter protection, i, 



550. 

 Pulque, i. 507, 



— fermented juice of Agave Americana, i. 



272. 



Pulsatilla, hybrids, ii. 584. 



Pulsatilla patens, protogyny and hybridiza- 

 tion, ii. 316. 



Pulsatilla pratensis, colour of sepals, ii. 183. 



Pulsatilla vernalis, distribution of sexes, ii. 

 298. 



— nectaries, ii. 179, 



Pulvinus, of leaf, function, i. 532. 

 Purification, due to Bacteria, i, 264. 

 Purple Loosestrife. See Lythrum Salicaria. 

 Putrefaction, and Moulds, i. 507. 



— by Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— nature and causes of, substances gener- 



ated during, i. 263. 



Putrefaction, nature of, i. 506. 

 Pycnidia, of Lichens, ii. 693. 



— of Pyrenomycetes. ii. 678. 

 Pyrenoid, function, ii. 629, 



— of Chlamydomonas, ii. 629. 

 Pyrenoids, in Spirogyra, ii. 656. 



— of Hydrodictyon, ii. 640, 

 Pyrenolichenes, characters, ii. 694. 

 Pyrenomycetes, as Lichen-fungi, ii. 693, 



— distinctive characters, ii. 676. 

 Pyrola, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92, 

 Pyrola chlorantha, capsules in dry and wet 



weather, ii. 448. 

 Pyrola media, autogamy, ii. 364, 

 I^rola secunda, pollen - sprinkling, ii. 273, 



274. 

 Pyrola uniflora, flower and autogamy, ii. 

 383. 



scent, ii. 202. 



-~ — stamen, ii, 91. 



water-receptacles, i. 239. 



Pyrolacese, ii. 768. 

 Pyrus, carpels, ii. 76. 



— hybridization in, ii. 570. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Pyrus aucuparia, and Gymnosporangium 



juniperinum, ii. 686. 

 Pyrus communis, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



grafting on Crataegus Oxyacantha, &c., 



ii. 571. 



Gymnosporangium gall, ii. 520, 



persistent receptacle, ii. 435. 



Pyrus cydonia, mucilaginous seed-coat, i, 458. 

 Pyrus malus, carpels, ii. 76. 



host of Mistletoe, i. 205. 



ovary, sections, ii. 74. 



Pyrus salicifolia, erroneous assertions about 



origin, i. 215. 

 Pythium, germination, ii. 669. 

 Pythium de Baryanum, on seedlings, ii. 670. 



Q. 



Quamoclit coccinea, cotyledons, i. 621. 

 Quartz attacked by Lichens, i. 257. 



— difficult to decompose, i. 83, 266. 

 Quassia amara, flowering branch, ii. 778. 

 Queen of the Night. See Cereus nycticalibs. 

 Quercus, i. 716 ; ii. 760. 



— and bud-galls of Andricus inflator, ii. 543. 



of Aphilothrix gemmae, ii. 541. 



of AphQothrix Sieboldi, ii. 537, 541, 



of Cynips Hartigii, ii. 541. 



of Cynips lucida, ii. 541. 



of Cynips polycera, ii. 541. 



of Dryoterus terminalis, ii. 543. 



of Neuroterus fumipennis, ii. 537. 



of Neuroterus numiamatus, ii. 537. 



of Spathegaster baccarum, ii. 526, 



— and grazing animals, i. 445, 



— and Peziza aeruginosa, ii. 682. 



— and solid gall of Cynips KoUari, ii. 541, 



— bark. i. 720. 



— cotyledons, i. 608; ii. 421. 



— curvature of branches, i. 416. 



— defoliation slow, i. 361. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— from chalk, ii. 613. 



— galls on roots, ii. 541. 



— germination, i. 609. 



— mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 



— monoecious, ii. 297. 



— numerous hybrids, ii. 583. 



— nut-gall of Cynips calicis, ii. 543. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— scale-leaves of first bud, i. 624. 



— stomata, i. 280, 



— tannin of wood and nutrition of Mildew, 



i. 166. 



— variety in foliage, ii. 471. 



— vernation, i. 350. 



Quercus Austriaca, seedlings, i. 607. 



